diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 0274fda..e302b37 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ Compile the content into a static site using python app.py ``` -This creates the "dist" directory, with all of the HTML in there. +This creates the "dist" directory, with all of the HTML in there. At the moment, `dist` is part of the `.gitignore`! ### Writing Content -Within the `content` directory, you can create/edit markdown files. When compiling the markdown content, `app.py` will look for jinja templates in the `templates` directory. If the markdown file is in the root of `content`, it will try to load a template with the same filename as the markdown file. For instance, `about.md` will look for `about.jinja`. +Within the `content` directory, you can create/edit markdown files. When compiling the markdown content, `app.py` will look for jinja templates in the `templates` directory. If the markdown file is in the root of `content`, it will try to load a template with the same filename as the markdown file. For instance, `about.md` will look for `about.jinja`. If the markdown file is in a subdirectory, it will look for a template with the same name as the subdirectory. At the moment, there is no functionality for deep nested folders. So, `recipes/tomato-soup.md` wants `recipes.jinja`. If the template does not exist, the default template is `post.jinja`. -The project uses [Jinja](https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/), which allows for extending templates, using variables, looping trough variables, and other funky features! +The project uses [Jinja](https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/), which allows for extending templates, using variables, looping through variables, and other funky features! Additionally, `component-inventory.csv` is loaded as a dataset. diff --git a/src/content/chapters/-1-intro.md b/src/content/chapters/-1-intro.md index 961f2e7..bc0d0fc 100644 --- a/src/content/chapters/-1-intro.md +++ b/src/content/chapters/-1-intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ front: false (Solderpunk, 2020, Cited in de Valk, 2022) [@devalkSalvagedComputing] -Beware! If you’ve picked up this publication expecting to learn how to make a flawless, DAW-less, in tune and always working polysynth, think again. However, if you, like me, are interested in making screamy, dreamy, sound devices an alternative resource: trash, you’ve come to the right place. +Beware! If you’ve picked up this publication expecting to learn how to make a flawless, DAW-less, in tune and always working polysynth, think again. However, if you, like me, are interested in making screamy, dreamy, sound devices using an alternative resource: trash, you’ve come to the right place. When I first read about salvage computing, I got very excited. Being part of the DIY Sound community, as a sound practitioner and hardware hacker, I’ve developed a growing discomfort with some aspects of the practice. Over the past few years, I’ve hosted workshops around circuit bending[^circuit-bending] and LOFI sound devices in and around Rotterdam. These workshops are meant as an accessible way to get people tinkering with electronics, through something infinitely playful: making instruments[^playful]. @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ When I first read about salvage computing, I got very excited. Being part of the [^playful]: Making instruments is an engaging way to learn about and work with the flow of electricity -In an ecosystem where a printer is only printing with a costly subscription [^printer-subscription], disruptive products become obsolete within a year[^AI-pin], fixing flat tires is outsourced [^swapfiets] and some smartphones literally have to be frozen [^frozen] to be able to replace the battery, it’s clear we’re no longer in charge of our own devices. Warranty-void stickers and lengthy terms and conditions scare us into compliance. +In an ecosystem where a printer is only printing with a costly subscription [^printer-subscription], disruptive products become obsolete within a year[^AI-pin], fixing your own flat tires is outsourced [^swapfiets] and some smartphones literally have to be frozen to be able to replace the battery [^frozen], it’s clear we’re no longer in charge of our own devices. Warranty-void stickers and lengthy terms and conditions scare us into compliance. I’ve noticed how empowering these first-time soldering workshops can be in taking back this autonomy by making (or breaking) a circuit together. They are a shared attempt to uncover some of the black boxes in our own products [@hertzZombieMediaCircuit2012]. However, the toys and materials used in the workshops are single-use [^single-use] and, with ease, thrown out afterward. The carelessness notion creeps in that waste has no value, and is easily replaceable, and broke my heart a bit, one workshop at a time. @@ -30,24 +30,26 @@ I’ve noticed how empowering these first-time soldering workshops can be in tak [^frozen]: The Nothing Phone scored a 1/10 in iFixit's repairability score [@havardEssentialPhoneTeardown2017] -[^single-use]: and often required much preparation in terms of collecting, transporting, repairing, testing, and cleaning. +[^single-use]: and often require much preparation in terms of collecting, transporting, repairing, testing, and cleaning. This is where the field guide comes into play: Can we shift the practice of playful tinkering to acknowledge, rather than ignore, the waste streams they are part of? Limiting ourselves to only use salvaged components and discovering; is it possible to live off (create with) electronic components salvaged in the wild? And what would such a practice entail? -Because salvage is not just about reusing materials; but about confronting the systems that created the waste in the first place. Not only the obsolete media but also the by-product of the entire production lifecycle of an electronic product; From the mining of minerals that make up the hardware to the inevitable disposal site [@gabrysSalvage2012]. Since the rate at which waste is collected and recycled isn't growing at the same pace as our collective buying and production, the landfills will continue to grow. Parikka even goes as far to say as that recycling is ultimately "trade-waste", where our abandoned devices are shipped across the ocean [@parikkaDustMatter2012]. +Because salvage is not just about reusing materials; but about confronting the systems that create the waste in the first place. Not only the obsolete media but also the by-product of the entire production lifecycle of an electronic product; From the mining of minerals that make up the hardware to the inevitable disposal site [@gabrysSalvage2012]. Since the rate at which waste is collected and recycled isn't growing at the same pace as our collective buying and production, the landfills will continue to grow. Parikka even goes as far to say as that recycling is ultimately "trade-waste", where our abandoned devices are shipped across the ocean hier moet nog wat achter[@parikkaDustMatter2012]. ## Beyond the kit -The preference for buying new is noticeable in the DIY synth community as well. When publishing a project, it's common to share a pre-filled webshop cart along with the schematics or even sell it as a pre-compiled kit[^KIT]. To me, this goes against the ethos of DIY that resonates with me the most: making do with what you have, with a focus on doing, and not the "thing" [@hertzArtDIYElectronics2023]. Instead, a whole new market is created consisting of Lego-like kits. These kits gloss over the actual challenges and difficulties of creating sound devices, preventing the development of much-needed problem-solving skills, and not actually discovering anything new [@CooperativeExperimentalismSharing]. +The preference for buying new is noticeable in the DIY synth community as well. When publishing a project, it's common to share a pre-filled webshop cart along with the schematics or even sell it as a pre-compiled kit[^KIT]. To me, this goes against the ethos of DIY that resonates with me the most: making do with what you have, with a focus on doing, and not the outcome [@hertzArtDIYElectronics2023]. Instead, a whole new market is created consisting of Lego-like kits. These kits gloss over the actual challenges and difficulties of creating sound devices, preventing the development of much-needed problem-solving skills, and not actually discovering anything new [@CooperativeExperimentalismSharing]. [^KIT]: ![Kit from Bastl Instruments](/chapters/bastl_kit.webp) -Instead, what you will learn to build using this guide is a starting point. Small electronic circuits that produce sound on their own, but can also be duplicated, manipulated, and modulated into completely entirely different. The chaos is up to you. Some experience with electronics is preferred, as the guide will not go into detail about voltages and amps, or how to solder. There are other, more suitable resources for that. On that note, I am by no means an expert in electronics. This guide represents my personal understanding of electronics, which, in no doubt, contains incorrect assumptions or oversimplifications. It can however offer you insights and practical tools to incorporate salvaging into your own practice. +Instead, what you will learn to build using this guide is a starting point. Small electronic circuits that produce sound on their own, but can also be duplicated, manipulated, and modulated into something completely different. The chaos is up to you. Some experience with electronics is preferred, as the guide will not go into detail about voltages and amps, or how to solder. There are other, more suitable resources for that. On that note, I am by no means an expert in electronics. This guide represents my personal understanding of electronics, which, in no doubt, contains incorrect assumptions or oversimplifications. It can however offer you insights and practical tools to incorporate salvaging into your own practice. -Within the DIY Sound community, DIWO workshops are a common way of sharing knowledge [@richardsDIYMakerCommunities2017], covering a wide range of topics, from the construction to bending and hacking and live coding. Where it is not only about sound +Within the DIY Sound community, DIWO workshops are a common way of sharing knowledge [@richardsDIYMakerCommunities2017], covering a wide range of topics, from the construction to bending and hacking and live coding. Where it is not only about sound afmaken -In the DIY synth community, DIWO (Do It With Others) is a common way of sharing knowledge. These often very horizontal workshops are a way of skillsharing. The field guide is no exception on that, and partly came together during (un)repair cafe events at klank.school. I think these DIWO practices are very powerfull. Not only saves it you from having to make an investment in specific tools, working with electronics and waste can be a frustrating process, and DIWO can help share the leed. Having conversations about the material whilest working with the material cna be a way to deepen the relationship with the mateiral. +In the DIY synth community, DIWO (Do It With Others) is a common way of sharing knowledge. These often very horizontal workshops are a way of skillsharing [^horizontal-workshops]. The field guide is no exception on that, and partly came together during (un)repair cafe events at klank.school. I think these DIWO practices are very powerfull. Not only saves it you from having to make an investment in specific tools, working with electronics and waste can be a frustrating process, and DIWO can help share the leed. Having conversations about the material whilest working with the material cna be a way to deepen the relationship with the mateiral.afmaken -Repair is often and historically organised as a social activity - opening up workplaces and sharing knowledge[@matternStepStepThinking2024]. expand more on the social. This notion a major part of the DIY Synth community [@richardsDIYElectronicMusic2013]. By being part of workshops and gatherings around DIY sound and repair I've noticed how empowering these exchanges can be [^exchange]. This guide itself is created during and around so-called *(un)repair nights[^unrepair-night]* at the klankschool[^about-klankschool]. I would really encourage you to do DIWO this guide too. The frustrating process that can be learning electronics is much better to manage when shared. +[^horizontal-workshops]: uitleggen + +Repair is often and historically organised as a social activity - opening up workplaces and sharing knowledge[@matternStepStepThinking2024]. expand more on the social. This notion is a major part of the DIY Synth community [@richardsDIYElectronicMusic2013]. By being part of workshops and gatherings around DIY sound and repair I've noticed how empowering these exchanges can be [^exchange]. This guide itself is created during and around so-called *(un)repair nights[^unrepair-night]* at the klankschool[^about-klankschool]. . The frustrating process that can be learning electronics is much better to manage when shared. [^exchange]: Especially during a [workshop in collaboration with the kunsthal](https://www.kunsthal.nl/nl/plan-je-bezoek/activiteiten/friday-night-live-operator/), where it was the first time making a circuit for many atendees. It was great to see how people without much electronics experience, figured out circuit making and playing, together. @@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ This field guide came together during and with the help of (un)repair nights at ![A sound device](/chapters/transistorOSC_white.webp){.img--fullpage} -To do so, the guide is split up into five chapters, each focusing on a different stage of salvaging for sound devices. +The guide is split up into five chapters, each focusing on a different stage of salvaging for sound devices. #### 1. Gathering hardware *We trace where to find discarded electronics, what to look for, and how industry practices like planned and stylistic obsolescence shape what ends up in the trash.* diff --git a/src/content/chapters/0-gather.md b/src/content/chapters/0-gather.md index aa719ce..116c796 100644 --- a/src/content/chapters/0-gather.md +++ b/src/content/chapters/0-gather.md @@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ Remy & Huang argue that the core goals of ICT are simply researching new technol I’ve identified 3 strategies for gathering electronic hardware. #### 1. Institutional discards -Offices, schools, museums, or other companies often replace their hardware every 5 years, whether it’s broken or not, due to tax incentives. If electronics aren’t central to their operations, their leftovers often gather dust. Keep your ears open, these forgotten machines could be your best source. +Offices, schools, museums, or other companies often replace their hardware every 5 years, whether it’s broken or not, due to tax incentivesreference: nieuw kopen is ingecalculeerd. If electronics aren’t central to their operations, their leftovers often gather dust. Keep your ears open, utilise your network, these forgotten machines could be your best source. #### 2. Browsing the streets -I feel like good waste “comes to you”. Keep your eyes open, look around. Actively going on waste walks have not paid off [^unbinair-waste]. Their chances depend heavily on local waste policies [^should-be-communicated] and activities[^waste-activities]. +I feel like good waste “comes to you”. Keep your eyes open, look around. Actively going on waste walks has not paid off [^unbinair-waste]. Their chances depend heavily on local waste policies [^should-be-communicated] and activities[^waste-activities]. [^unbinair-waste]: Artist Unbinair, who works with reverse-engineering e-waste, points out that in the early 2000s, going on e-waste walks was more beneficial. and squatter communities actively repaired and reused these discarded devices. Now that e-waste is channeled into designated recycling centers, the waste stream has become more concealed, obstructing repair-based reuse [@fennisOntologyElectronicWaste2022]. @@ -31,20 +31,20 @@ I feel like good waste “comes to you”. Keep your eyes open, look around. Act As you enthusiastically keep your friends & family in the loop about your salvaging endeavors, you’ll notice the phenomenon of donations. Since a sizable portion of our replaced computing devices still reside in our storage units, waiting to be of any value, most would be happy to find such a good destination as you [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011]. ## Infiltrating the waste stream -My attempts to create a more consistent waste-income through more official routes have not been successful, but maybe you offer a better proposal. These established waste streams, where trash is being collected, organized, and processed in multiple facilities, are difficult to trace. Rotterdam collects e-waste via official centers and drop-off bins, usually placed inside supermarkets. The emphasis is on bringing waste in. What happens after is vague and leans heavily on a promise of a circular economy[^circular-economy]. +My attempts to create a consistent waste-income through more official routes have not been successful. These established waste streams, where trash is being collected, organized, and processed in multiple facilities, are difficult to trace. Rotterdam collects e-waste via official centers and drop-off bins, usually placed inside supermarkets. The emphasis is on bringing waste in. What happens after is vague and leans heavily on a promise of a circular economy[^circular-economy]. [^circular-economy]: A model where everything is recycled, nothing is wasted, and new raw materials are never needed. A seductive but mostly mythical narrative, that keeps consumers consuming. -Alternatively, the devices can be returned to the manufacturer, through recycling programs. However, it’s unclear what exactly happens with the recycled material, and is always part of a customer journey [^samsung]. This relieves the consumer of the disposal responsibility but keeps the cycle of buying new unaltered. +Alternatively, the devices can be returned to the manufacturer through recycling programs. However, it’s unclear what exactly happens with the recycled material, and is always part of a customer journey [^samsung]onduidelijke einde zin. This relieves the consumer of the disposal responsibility but keeps the cycle of buying new unaltered. [^samsung]: For instance, Samsungs recycle program starts with “Step 1. Buy your new device with trade-in discount on samsung.com”‌. -Trying to engage with these streams differently, by salvaging, not just discarding, is nearly impossible. Access is tightly controlled. Waste is only moved when it can be translated into monetary value, and even then, only in bulk. Taking from recycling centers is prohibited; solo[^solo] salvaging has no place in this transaction. +Trying to engage with these streams differently, by salvaging, not just discarding, is nearly impossible. Access is tightly controlled. Waste is only moved when it can be translated into monetary value, and even then, only in bulk. Taking from recycling centers is prohibited; solo salvaging has no place in this transaction[^solo]. -[^solo]: My attempts to establish a relationship with the secondhand shop failed. Out of pity I was allowed to snoop in their garbage bin (which was locked away and filled with goodies). Their waste was already part of a monetized system, and my presence didn’t fit. +[^solo]: My attempts to establish a relationship with the thrift shop failed. Out of pity I was allowed to snoop in their garbage bin (which was locked away and filled with goodies). Their waste was already part of a monetized system, and my presence didn’t fit. ## Pick your battles -When inspecting a device for salvage possibilities, I try to imagine what the inside of the device looks like. What kind of components might I find? Are there any motors or moving parts? What kind of material is the device made of? What time dates it from? Which companies manufactured the device and its parts? Do I see any use for it now? +When inspecting a device for salvage possibilities, I try to imagine what the inside of the device looks like. What kind of components might I find? Are there any motors or moving parts? What kind of material is the device made of? What time period does it come from? Which companies manufactured the device and its parts? Do I see any use for it now? Great devices are; things that have an audio input and output, radios, casette players, anything that has parts that move, hier verder op uitpakken diff --git a/src/content/chapters/1-dismantling.md b/src/content/chapters/1-dismantling.md index 8d0d07f..70efae6 100644 --- a/src/content/chapters/1-dismantling.md +++ b/src/content/chapters/1-dismantling.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Once you've found a piece of hardware, it's time to start dismantling the device - Plastic spudger or pick — *Used to pry open seams without damaging the casing.* - Saw or utility knife - *cut through plastic cases or stubborn sections.* - Flat pliers - *for heavy duty pulling* - - Drill - *to drill trough stuck and damaged screws* + - Drill - *to drill through stuck and damaged screws* - Tweezers #### For salvaging & making @@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ Once you've found a piece of hardware, it's time to start dismantling the device ![Create a toolkit that works for you!](/chapters/toolkit_edited.webp){.img--fullpage} ## Opening up -It's not always clear where to start. Grabbing a heavy duty tool immediate could result in permanent damage. It is better to start more carefully. In some cases, product manufacturers provide service manuals[^repair-manual]. But in most cases, we’re left to figure it out ourselves. Fortunately, online communities like IFixIt create their own teardown guides, that can sometimes give us a head start. +It's not always clear where to start. Grabbing a heavy duty tool immediatly could result in permanent damage. It is better to start more carefully. In some cases, product manufacturers provide service manuals[^repair-manual]. But in most cases, we’re left to figure it out ourselves. Fortunately, online communities like IFixIt create their own teardown guides, that can sometimes give us a head start. [^repair-manual]: These manuals contain valuable information that can help you to understand the device and to take it apart. [![This repair manual that passed the (un)Repair Cafe contains a schematic, disassembly information, parts list and multiple trouble shooting guides](./chapters/trouble-shoot.png)](https://elektrotanya.com/panasonic_rs-768us.pdf/download.html#dl) Let’s take a look at the device. Can you spot any screws? They might be hidden behind warranty stickers[^warranty] or tucked away behind obscure corners. I find it helpful to follow the seams of the casing. Especially with plastic enclosures, it’s not just screws—look for small tabs or glue holding things together. -[^warranty]: Warranty stickers are not legally binding, as warranties are dictated by consumer laws [@aragonWarrantyVoidStickers2023]. +[^warranty]: Warranty stickers are not legally binding, as warranties are dictated by consumer laws [@aragonWarrantyVoidStickers2023].komt nog niet helemaal over, terugrelateren over waarom het kut is ![Following the seams of the device](https://placehold.co/600x400) @@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ If you manage to create a small slit gap in a seam, insert a thin plastic pic an [^permanent]: A hot air gun could help to dissolve the glue, or you could cut out the plastic using a knife or drill. -Disassembly is really about patience and finding those small gaps in the enclosures, pulling and pushing until you've dismantled the entire device. Did you manage? Amazing! you’re now staring at the messy, material reality of your device[^inside]. +Disassembly is really about patience and finding those small gaps in the enclosures, pulling and pushing until you've dismantled the entire device. Did you manage? Amazing! You’re now staring at the messy, material reality of your device[^inside]. ## Uncovering black boxes -Trough design choices like hiding screws, heat stakes[^heat-stakes], strong adhesive, and using various screw sizes, it becomes clear: the manufacturer really does not want you in there. These are black boxes by design, destined to become obsolete, as replacement parts are not available, and critical components are not interchangeable. The only option is to buy an entirely new product again. +Through design choices like hiding screws, heat stakes[^heat-stakes], strong adhesive, and using various screw sizes, it becomes clear: the manufacturer really does not want you in there. These are black boxes by design, destined to become obsolete, as replacement parts are not available, and critical components are not interchangeable. The only option is to buy an entirely new product again. -These methods of black boxing are an attempt to keep us unconsciously incompetent, and increases the distance between the consumer and the materiality of the device. The modern laptop is silent, not giving any indication of whatever is happening on the inside, or its material origins. It is only when something breaks, that their materiality becomes a reality again [@hertzZombieMediaCircuit2012] [@emersonSixDifficultInconvenient2021]. +The act of black boxing are an attempt to keep us unconsciously incompetent, and increases the distance between the consumer and the materiality of the device. The modern laptop is silent, not giving any indication of whatever is happening on the inside, or its material origins. It is only when something breaks, that their materiality becomes a reality again [@hertzZombieMediaCircuit2012] [@emersonSixDifficultInconvenient2021]. [^heat-stakes]: Plastic pins that are melted to hold parts in place @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ It is by opening the devices, however, that we can rediscover materiality. Then ![The last screw was even better hidden. It was found behind a sticker labeling the two input ports of the device](/chapters/dismanteling_edited_noise2.webp) -![Manufacturer delibrereatly obscured the label of this chip](/chapters/obscure_labels.webp) +![Manufacturer deliberately obscured the label of this chip](/chapters/obscure_labels.webp) ![The camera contained a variety of screw sizes](/chapters/smallscrews.webp) diff --git a/src/content/chapters/2-component-salvaging.md b/src/content/chapters/2-component-salvaging.md index a5b1969..0fd6c96 100644 --- a/src/content/chapters/2-component-salvaging.md +++ b/src/content/chapters/2-component-salvaging.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ nested: "components" front: true --- -Once you’ve broken your device down into its individual puzzle pieces, we can zoom in on them more closely. Is there anything that immidiatly sparks your interest? Did you already uncover unexpected materials? Chances are you uncovered one or more Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), and—very generally speaking—some kind of input and output components, all connected by several types of wire[^wires]. For example, inside a digital picture frame I found a power input, a battery, a screen, speakers, a two-sided PCB, and an antenna. +Once you’ve broken your device down into its individual puzzle pieces, we can zoom in on them more closely. Is there anything that immediatly sparks your interest? Did you already uncover unexpected materials? Chances are you uncovered one or more Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), and—very generally speaking—some kind of input and output components, all connected by several types of wire[^wires]. For example, inside a digital picture frame I found a power input, a battery, a screen, speakers, a two-sided PCB, and an antenna. -PCBs are populated with either "trough hole" (THT) or "surface mount" (SMD) components. SMD components are very small and soldered directly onto the board's surface. Their size makes labels hard to read, and they’re designed for automated assembly, making them impractical for salvage[^tried]. That’s why I rarely salvage from computer-type devices. These usually contain nothing but SMD components and lack interesting interactions or mechanical parts. +PCBs are populated with either “through hole" (THT) or "surface mount" (SMD) components. SMD components are very small and soldered directly onto the board's surface. Their size makes labels hard to read, and they’re designed for automated assembly, making them impractical for salvage[^tried]. That’s why I rarely salvage from computer-type devices. These usually contain nothing but SMD components and lack interesting interactions or mechanical parts. [^tried]: The biggest issue is the size of the legs, which are impossible to solder without making your own PCB's. I’ve made prototypes with cutting the entire PCB, using conductive ink, copper tape and charcoal pens. None of the strategies worked well @@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ In the next few pages, I’ll briefly address some of the more common components Many components, like transistors and chips, have datasheets available online. You can usually find them by entering the part number, often printed directly on the component[^unless], into a search engine. While datasheets can be overwhelming and full of technical jargon, they typically show a pinout, explaining what each leg does, and a description of the component's behavior. +iets toevoegen over wat we met die componenten die gaan doen + [^unless]: Since the manufacturer didn’t think you ever needed to know which oddly specific chip you’re looking at, they sometimes deliberately scratched it off. ::: {.table-wide} @@ -59,3 +61,6 @@ Many components, like transistors and chips, have datasheets available online. Y | **Trimpots** | Resistor | Limit voltage through a small knob adjustable with a screwdriver | Audio circuits, calibration devices | ![](./assets/schematics/Resistor-IEEE-Trimmer.svg) | | **Voltage regulators** | Chip | Not sure yet | Power supplies, embedded systems | | | |{#link-sf .btn-read-more} ::: + + +in dit hoofdstuk benoemen dat je extra zooi nodig hebt voor het geval je iet sopblaast \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/content/chapters/3-recipes.md b/src/content/chapters/3-recipes.md index 838fb9a..6fc1754 100644 --- a/src/content/chapters/3-recipes.md +++ b/src/content/chapters/3-recipes.md @@ -6,18 +6,20 @@ front: true nested: "recipes" --- +# Footnote over triple check valt van het papier + Hopefully, you’ve salvaged a variety of components by now, and we can start to actually build some sound with them. In this chapter you'll find a bunch of recipes; the starting points for sound devices. These modular recipes can be used standalone or connected together into a bigger system. This modularity makes problem-solving slightly easier[^easier], and you can pick and choose your modules based on your salvaged inventory. [^easier]: Still a headache! But now you only have to triple check a handful of components, instead of 120 -Every recipe contains a paper circuit[^paper-circuit-ciat] to print. These circuits are the blueprint of your device, between a schematic and a industrial PCB. The biggest advantage of using paper, apart from being able to solder the connections of your components right on top of the circuit, is that it is paper. You can take notes, draw lines and adjust the schematic as you go. This saves you from either having to use toxic chemcials to etch your own circuit boards, or outsourcing the development. +Every recipe contains a paper circuit[^paper-circuit-ciat] to print. These circuits are the blueprint of your device, between a schematic and an industrial PCB. The biggest advantage of using paper, apart from being able to solder the connections of your components right on top of the circuit, is that it is flexible. You can take notes, draw lines and adjust the schematic as you go. This saves you from either having to use toxic chemicals to etch your own circuit boards, or outsource the development.laatste zin ff checken [^paper-circuit-ciat]: A method introduced by synthesizer builder Ciat Lonbarde, who used paper circuits as a way to distribute circuits and ideas for free @blasserStoresMall2015 . ### Assembling the circuit 1. Cut out the circuit and fold it in half, creating a two sided print 2. Gather the components listed in the "Bill of Materials" (BOM) -3. Populate the first components by pinning the legs trough the paper in their designated areas. Keep an eye on the orientation[^orientation]. Start small (resistors) then move to larger parts. +3. Populate the first components by pinning the legs through the paper in their designated areas. Keep an eye on the orientation[^orientation]. Start small (resistors) then move to larger parts. 4. Create the connections according to the circuit by soldering the legs together. I've found bare copper wire is the quickest. 5. Repeat until all components are in place! 6. Test & triple-check all connections [^triple-check]. @@ -33,16 +35,20 @@ There is no need to understand every single component on each recipe [^no-need], ### !Safety notes! - **Audio can be surprisingly loud**. Use small speakers (never headphones![^headphones]) you wouldn’t miss if they break, and keep your hand on the volume dial when plugging in your sound device for the first time -- **Use batteries** plugging into a wall (120V) can be incredibly dangerous. Always unplug the power from the circuit when making changes, to prevent shorts -- **watch that smell** “magic smoke” has a certain smell. Unplug immediately when something smells/smokes! -- **two know more then one** If you're not sure, invite a friend and I'm sure you'll figure it out together +- **Use batteries**. Plugging into a wall (120V) can be incredibly dangerous. Always unplug the power from the circuit when making changes, to prevent shorts +- **Watch that smell**. “Magic smoke” has a certain smell. Unplug immediately when something smells/smokes! +- **Two know more than one**. If you're not sure, invite a friend and I'm sure you'll figure it out together -[^headphones]: Your hearing is precious, and accidently blasting an overpowered sine-wave trough your ears can cause permantetn damage. +[^headphones]: Your hearing is precious, and accidently blasting an overpowered sine-wave Through your ears can cause permanent damage. ### Finding & scaling recipes -The DIY synth community is not shy in sharing their schematics. There are fantastic resources online, such as the [Experimentalists Anonymous DIY Archives](https://experimentalistsanonymous.com/diy/index.php) the [wiki](https://sdiy.info/wiki/Synth_DIY_Wiki), [Music from Outer Space](https://musicfromouterspace.com/) and *Handmade Electronic Music* [@collinsHandmadeElectronicMusic2009]. However, finding resources using salvaged components has been tricky, as our requirements are a bit different then the average github browser. Most schematics either contain 20+ components or require (specific) chips. For making personal synthesizers, this limitation has been interesting, as it forces me to turn the VCO recipe into a self-modulating instrument, actually helping me to learn more about electornics & elecontric sound then any pre-made kit could ever do, but there is definetly a scsaling issue. Initially I had set out to use this research as a way to develop a workshop format about making synthesizeres with e-waste, and in that way "fixing" my issues with the wastefullness of the workshop. +The DIY synth community is not shy in sharing their schematics. There are fantastic resources online, such as the [Experimentalists Anonymous DIY Archives](https://experimentalistsanonymous.com/diy/index.php) the [wiki](https://sdiy.info/wiki/Synth_DIY_Wiki), [Music from Outer Space](https://musicfromouterspace.com/) and *Handmade Electronic Music* [@collinsHandmadeElectronicMusic2009]. However, finding resources using salvaged components can be tricky, as our requirements are a bit different then the average github browser. Most schematics either contain 20+ components or require (specific) chips. For making personal synthesizers, this limitation has been interesting, as it forces me to turn the VCO recipe into a self-modulating instrument, actually helping me to learn more about elecontrics & elecontric sound then any pre-made kit could ever do, but there is definetly a scsaling issue. Initially I had set out to use this research as a way to develop a workshop format about making synthesizeres with e-waste, and in that way "fixing" my issues with the wastefullness of the workshop. But, maybe this is not possible, and maybe that is okay. unpack on this en dan doorpakken in de conclusie +ff kijken hoe je deze links kunt reference +wat is vco + +bij de BOM de links naar components er uit halen diff --git a/src/content/chapters/4-reflection.md b/src/content/chapters/4-reflection.md index 402f162..cd69d7f 100644 --- a/src/content/chapters/4-reflection.md +++ b/src/content/chapters/4-reflection.md @@ -5,6 +5,54 @@ slug: true --- + - ->> While there are many attempts to overcome obsolescence, such as the modular laptop Frameworklink, and another example, none have quite stuck. Remy & Huang say that, since abscolescence is the outcome of ICT’s main goals; research in new technologies and selling more products [@remyLimitsSustainableInteraction2015], most of the proposed soliutions work against one of the two. +het feit dat waste steeds meer verwijderd wordt van straat zegt ook iets over de materialituy van waste. we willen er liever niets mee te maken hebben. --> -Verder is het dus zo dat je eigenlijk hier een beetje moet herhalen de pareltjes van de tekst. Dus meer herhalen van dingen en minder hier pas conclusies trekken. + + + --> + + + +Hopefully by now you’ve managed to build and explore some raging sound devices! For me, this is the moment to sit in the middle of a workshop surrounded by carcesses of printers, cassette recorders and radio’s, and deal with the remainders. It becomes clear how the actions are a small intervention in the bigger lifecycle of waste. We extended the life of the hardware for a bit and created the moment of celebration [@lulinvegaPermacomputing], and now the majority [^majority]of the hardware will continue on their cycle. -Hopefully by now you’ve managed to build and explore some raging sound devices! For me, this is the moment to sit in the middle of a workshop surrounded by caresses of printers, cassette recorders and radio’s, and deal with the remainders. It becomes clear how the actions are a small intervention in the bigger lifecycle of waste. We extended the life of the hardware for a bit and created the moment of celebration, [@lulinvegaPermacomputing] and now the majority [^majority]of the hardware will continue on their cycle. [^majority]: Majority in terms of size. I’m strategically keeping all components, but keeping the plastic carcas of an CD Player/Radio just does not make sense. ### Difficulties in salvaging -During the dismantling of the devices in chapter 1, we discovered, trough threatening stickers, obscure bits and strong glue that many of the devices did not want to be opened. Their plastic containers are very “final” forms, every attempt to drill or cut results in rough scars rather than a transformation of form. +During the dismantling of the devices in chapter 1, we discovered, through threatening stickers, obscure bits and strong glue that many of the devices did not want to be opened. Their plastic containers are very “final” forms, every attempt to drill or cut results in rough scars rather than a transformation of form. Instead of modifying the salvaged device after it’s consumed, the possibility for appropriation should actually already be in the blueprint during the design process, before it’s even built [@gabrysSalvage2012]. Manufactures, both of end products and materials, should carry a responsibility for their objects, not only during the manufacturing but extended to the entire lifecycle. -Unfortunately, as Remy and Huang discuss, *unintentional absolescence*, is built into the system. The two main goals of the IT industry, researching new technologies and sell more products, actively work against many attempts of improving repair and reuse [@remyLimitsSustainableInteraction2015] [@remyLimitsSustainableInteraction2015][^against]. Some major product companies, such as Coolblue, Apple and Samsung, have started recycling programs. However, it’s unclear what exactly happens with the recycled material, and is always part of a buying process [^samsung]. This relieves the consumer of the responsibility of disposing their product, but keeps the cycle of buying new intact. - -[^against]: For instance 3D printing company Bambu Lab recently released reusable PCB’s, to make toys out of 3d prints. The only reusable thing about it, is that you could reuse it within their product line. More reusable would be if they used an Arduino instead. It’s always “Buy our new product that you could reuse for something else” and never “reuse something else and don’t buy our new product”. +Unfortunately, as Remy and Huang discuss, *unintentional absolescence*, is built into the system. The two main goals of the IT industry, research new technologies and sell more products, actively work against many attempts of improving repair and reuse [@remyLimitsSustainableInteraction2015][^against]. Some major product companies, such as Coolblue, Apple and Samsung, have started recycling programs. However, it’s unclear what exactly happens with the recycled material, and is always part of a buying process [^samsung]. This relieves the consumer of the responsibility of disposing their product, but keeps the cycle of buying new intact. +[^against]: For instance 3D printing company Bambu Lab recently released reusable PCB’s, to make toys out of 3d prints. The only reusable thing about it, is that you could reuse it within their product line. More reusable would be if they used an Arduino instead. It’s always “Buy our new product that you could reuse for something else” and never “reuse something else and don’t buy our new product”. niet duidelijk reuse something else regardless [^samsung]: For instance, [Samsungs recycle program](https://www.samsung.com/nl/inruil/) starts with *“Stap 1. Koop je nieuwe toestel met inruilvoordeel op samsung.com”‌*. ## Regulations -But hopefully salvaging will become somewhat easier in the upcoming years, due to regulation pushed by the Right to Repair movement in the EU. A new *Battery Regulation* requires batteries to be removable without specialised tools in 2027. Spare parts should be available longer (depending on the type of device), and the *Ecodesign regulations* dictate which parts should be replaceable, the level of expertise needed for the replacement and if specialty tools are required. +But hopefully salvaging will become somewhat easier in the upcoming years, due to regulation pushed by the Right to Repair movement in the EU. A new *Battery Regulation* requires batteries to be removable without specialised tools in 2027. Spare parts should be available longer (depending on the type of device), and the *Ecodesign regulations* dictate which parts should be replaceable, the level of expertise needed for the replacement and if specialty tools are required. lange zin The regulations are limited to specific product groups, and mostly focussed towards consumer products such as phones, televisions and fridges. @@ -55,8 +106,8 @@ With all of these repairable products, we’d still need the skills and the serv With more repairable products, we’d still need the skills and services to fix them. Martine Postma, founder of the first Repair Café, advocates for teaching repair skills in schools and creating more training programs for repair professionals, as the number of skilled repairers is rapidly declining. She also argues that the tax system unfairly favors buying new products over repairing old ones, discouraging repair. [@postmaWeggooienMooiNiet2015] ## Room to salvage -When we desoldered all of the capacitors, resistors, chips and whatnot in chapter 3, I was happily surprised with how many of them still worked. Actually, most of the broken devices only had one or two faults in them, yet were thrown out in their entirety. This makes them a great resource for salvaging. +When we desoldered all of the capacitors, resistors, chips and whatnot in chapter 3, I was happily surprised with how many of them still worked. most of the broken devices only had one or two faults in them, yet were thrown out in their entirety. This makes them a great resource for salvaging. -Using salvaged components to create sound devices has been and still is, a research with ups and downs, and —I’m really curious how it went for you! Having limited resources does not always help with the learning process. Blowing up the last op-amp (again) can be seriously discouraging. But at the same time, salvaged components can spark creativity, as they include the history of the device that is was part of before [@hertzZombieMediaCircuit2012]. A switchboard salvaged from a casette recorder from the 80's ignite does more then store-bought one. +Using salvaged components to create sound devices has been and still is a research with ups and downs, and —I’m really curious how it went for you! Having limited resources does not always help with the learning process. Blowing up the last op-amp (again) can be seriously discouraging. But at the same time, salvaged components can spark creativity, as they include the history of the device that is was part of before [@hertzZombieMediaCircuit2012]. A switchboard salvaged from a casette recorder from the 80's ignite does more than store-bought one. pagina 13 [@luUnmakingElectronicWaste2024] diff --git a/src/content/components/0_resistor.md b/src/content/components/0_resistor.md index 74ef904..bdef4ad 100644 --- a/src/content/components/0_resistor.md +++ b/src/content/components/0_resistor.md @@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ type: Resistor images: - src: ./components/Resistors.webp alt: 'These resistors were salvaged from a Reel to Reel recorder' -usage: "A resistor limits the current going trough. This amount of *resistance* is expressed in Ohm (Ω)" +usage: "A resistor limits the current going through. This amount of *resistance* is expressed in Ohm (Ω)" whereToFind: Everywhere! schematicSymbol: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/IEEE_315-1975_%281993%29_2.1.1.a.svg/200px-IEEE_315-1975_%281993%29_2.1.1.a.svg.png alsoKnownAs: "knob, pot, potentiometer, variable resistor, dial" --- -You’ll find resistors in nearly every electronic device and schematic. It’s useful to keep a wide range of values around, from 1Ω up to 10 million Ω. Their colored bands indicate their value. In my experience, their values on schematics are usually an indicator, and you can divert slightly without too much impact on your project. +You’ll find resistors in nearly every electronic device and schematic. It’s useful to keep a wide range of values around, from 1Ω up to 10 million Ω. Their colored bands indicate their valuewaar kun je dat vinden. In my experience, their values on schematics are usually an indicator, and you can divert slightly without too much impact on your project. -Variable resistors—like photoresistors and potentiometers—are especially worth salvaging, along with their knobs[^knobs]. They make your circuit interactive with your circuit. +Variable resistors—like photoresistors and potentiometers—are especially worth salvaging, along with their knobs[^knobs]. They make your circuit interactive with your circuit.yes, niets meer aan doen [^knobs]: I've found a lot of old gas stoves left out for trash collection. They often have nice knobs, that can be pulled off without need for tools. ### Types of resistors -- carbon or metal film resistor +- Carbon or metal film resistor *Comes in different values, marked with color bands* - Photoresistor *Changes resistance based on amient light levels.* @@ -32,3 +32,4 @@ Variable resistors—like photoresistors and potentiometers—are especially wor *A small, precise variable resistor you adjust with a screwdriver, used for circuit calibration.* - Thermistor *Changes resistance based on temperature.* +ff alle lijsten checken met wanneer ze wel niet met een punt moeten eindigen - ook footnotes diff --git a/src/content/components/1_capacitor.md b/src/content/components/1_capacitor.md index 1769a4f..1de0a46 100644 --- a/src/content/components/1_capacitor.md +++ b/src/content/components/1_capacitor.md @@ -29,4 +29,4 @@ Electrolytic capacitors don’t age well. Left unused, they have a lifespan of 2 [^malfunction]: Surprisingly, most of the capacitors that I’ve tested (that didn’t visually leak) passed the test and were still usable, even the electrolytic ones. -You can verify the capacitor's capacitance with a multimeter. In continuity mode, which beeps if there’s a connection, Touch both legs of the discharged capacitor with the probes: no sound, or a continuous volume/pitch, the capacitor is dead. Otherwise, it’s fine. +You can verify the capacitor's capacitance with a multimeter. In continuity mode, which beeps if there’s a connection, touch both legs of the discharged capacitor with the probes. You hear no sound, or a continuous volume/pitch: the capacitor is dead. Otherwise, it’s fine.hele lange zin diff --git a/src/content/components/chips.md b/src/content/components/chips.md index bafda8c..c92baca 100644 --- a/src/content/components/chips.md +++ b/src/content/components/chips.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Chips, or integrated circuits, are tiny black boxes packed with microscopic comp Don't let the size fool you! The creation of a chip, from toxic chemicals to the black container, involves around 300 steps, during which 99% of material byproduct is discarded, creating hazardous waste sites [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011]. So, if there is one part worth salvaging, it’s this one. -Unfortunately, as modular as they might seem, reusing chips is not plug 'n play. While some are common and well-documented, most are obscured and specific. For instance, reusing the network chip found in a USB phone can lead to a rabbit hole of reverse engineering. And then you find a another phone that has a slightly different chip, and the process starts all over again. +Unfortunately, as modular as they might seem, reusing chips is not plug 'n play. While some are common and well-documented, most are obscured and specific. For instance, reusing the network chip found in a USB phone can lead to a rabbit hole of reverse engineering. And then you find another phone that has a slightly different chip, and the process starts all over again. ### Common chips to look out for[^expectations] - 555 Timer @@ -29,3 +29,4 @@ Unfortunately, as modular as they might seem, reusing chips is not plug 'n play. *If you’re lucky, you can reflash the microcontroller and write your own program.* [^expectations]: In the last 6 months of searching, I’ve found only a couple of op-amps, one trigger inverter (that I blew by using it upside-down), and no 555 timers... +using it is gekke diff --git a/src/content/components/inputs.md b/src/content/components/inputs.md index a5508da..71ad348 100644 --- a/src/content/components/inputs.md +++ b/src/content/components/inputs.md @@ -7,21 +7,13 @@ images: alt: 'This would be a great alt text' --- -Inputs and outputs are often the most visible parts of an electronic device—and among the most accessible to salvage. It is with these components that salvaging often begins (and ends), because they are the parts that are most often visible on the outside, and thus carry the cultural context of the device. But this visibility is a double-edged sword: it risks turning salvaging and recycling into solely aesthetic choices, causing the possibility of *greenwashing* your practice. +Inputs and outputs are often the most visible parts of an electronic device—and among the most accessible to salvage. It is with these components that salvaging often begins (and ends), because they are the parts that are most often visible on the outside, and thus carry the cultural context of the device. But this visibility is a double-edged sword: it risks turning salvaging and recycling into solely aesthetic choices, causing the possibility of *greenwashing* your practice.explain greenwashing -:::{.table-inline} -| Output Type | Use Case | Salvage Source | Notes | -|------------------|-----------------------------|----------------------------|-----------------------------------| -| Small Speaker | Sound output | Toys, radios, phones | Easy to test with multimeter | -| Piezo Element | Beeps, tone generation | Toys, alarms | Also works as a contact mic | -| Buzzer | Alerts, notifications | Printers, timers | Sometimes active (has circuit) | -| LED | Visual feedback | Everything | Test with resistor + power | -| Segment Display | Numeric output | Clocks, microwaves | Usually driven by shift registers | -| LCD/OLED Screen | Visual interface | Phones, media players | Often undocumented, tricky reuse | -::: - -Recycling facilities, manufactures and product design universtiries often tend to focus on *recycling*, when talking about reducing e-waste. But among the levels of circularity _reduce, reuse, repair, recycle, refuse_, recycling is the least effective. More then half of material is lost when going trough the recycling process, and often includes the shipping of the waste to countires where labour is cheap and less environmental laws causing a toxic process for the workeres and the environemnt[@ifixitRecyclingDestruction] [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011] [@rouraCircularDigitalDevices2021]. Shredding a phone doesn’t just lose raw material; it erases the labor, energy, and environmental costs embedded in its original creation. And then—often—a new phone replaces it. +Recycling facilities, manufactures and product design universtiries often tend to focus on *recycling*, when talking about reducing e-waste. But among the levels of circularity _reduce, reuse, repair, recycle, refuse_, recycling is the least effective. More than half of material is lost when going through the recycling process, and often includes the shipping of the waste to countires where labour is cheap and less environmental laws causing a toxic process for the workeres and the environemnt[@ifixitRecyclingDestruction] [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011] [@rouraCircularDigitalDevices2021]. For exmaple, shredding a phone doesn’t just lose raw material; it erases the labor, energy, and environmental costs embedded in its original creation. And then—often—a new phone replaces it. spellcheck Our practice—building instruments, experimenting with electronics—sits outside this loop. It’s not just post-consumption; it’s _pre-production_. We're back at the beginning, making something new from what already exists. That’s why how we present our instruments matters. Not as market-ready eco-products with cheerful music, but as a refusal to pretend reuse is clean or easy. Recycling is the last resort. Making is the first. -Richards argues that *Object Hood* is the central theme of DIY/repurposing. Trough hacking and bending you can amplify certain propoperties of the object. [@richardsDIYMakerCommunities2017]. Trough the use of piezo discs, where you can amplify the material, or utalising the electromagnetic field, found in dc motors. +ifixit uitleggen? +ifixit landingspagina heeft geen date + +Richards argues that *Object Hood* is the central theme of DIY/repurposing. Through hacking and bending you can amplify certain propoperties of the object. [@richardsDIYMakerCommunities2017]. Through the use of piezo discs, where you can amplify the material, or utalising the electromagnetic field, found in dc motors.beetje random hier diff --git a/src/content/components/pcb.md b/src/content/components/pcb.md index 38137c5..bb7efb4 100644 --- a/src/content/components/pcb.md +++ b/src/content/components/pcb.md @@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ Printed Circuit Boards, or PCBs, are the panels on which the electronic circuit [^fiberglass]: Fiberglass is very strong, but can be sawn through. When sawing, make sure you wear the right protection, microfibers can end up anywhere. -The copper tracks on a PCB are usually covered with a green protective layer, known as solder mask. Sand this off and to expose the copper underneath, ready to solder onto again. +The copper tracks on a PCB are usually covered with a green protective layer, known as solder mask. Sand this off to expose the copper underneath, ready to solder onto again. Most boards are labeled. They can include a date, information about connections, component numbering[^component-numbering], and sometimes even their their values [^monotron]. -Not all PCBs follow the industrial template. Artists and other tinkerers have come up with alternatives: the paper circuits of Ciat-Lonbarde, or Dirty Electronics’ boards made from wood and nails. These kinds of formats offer a more punk-diy way of publishing projects, where the format is not set in stone. Paper can be cut, nails can be moved, inviting a maker to explore the circuit more then just soldering a pre-compiled kit.[@blasserStoresMall2015][@richardsDIYElectronicMusic2013] For our circuits, these approaches are ideal—still flexible, still open to change. +Not all PCBs follow the industrial template. Artists and other tinkerers have come up with alternatives: the paper circuits of Ciat-Lonbarde, or Dirty Electronics’ boards made from wood and nails. These kinds of formats offer a more punk-diy way of publishing projects, where the format is not set in stone. Paper can be cut, nails can be moved, inviting a maker to explore the circuit more than just soldering a pre-compiled kit.[@blasserStoresMall2015][@richardsDIYElectronicMusic2013] For our circuits, these approaches are ideal—still flexible, still open to change. [^component-numbering]: The schematic contains references to the component number, helping with debugging. diff --git a/src/content/components/transistor.md b/src/content/components/transistor.md index fff83ed..15d3af6 100644 --- a/src/content/components/transistor.md +++ b/src/content/components/transistor.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ description: This is the description images: - src: ./components/TransistorsED.webp alt: ‘note to self, not sure all of these are transistors’ -usage: "A transistor is a switch that is controlled trough voltage" +usage: "A transistor is a switch that is controlled through voltage" whereToFind: Everywhere! schematicSymbol: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/IEEE_315-1975_%281993%29_2.1.1.a.svg/200px-IEEE_315-1975_%281993%29_2.1.1.a.svg.png alsoKnownAs: "switch, BJT " @@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ A transistor is a tiny switch that controls a large current with a smaller one. [^bend-transistor]: In sound circuits, touching a transistor heats it up, which can alter the sound. -The transistor is often seen as an accelleration point in computing history. It replaced big and expensive vacuum tubes, paving the way for portable radios, cheap toys, and eventually the silicon chip. Theories like Moore's law[^moore] creates an expectation of constant upgrading, where your computer will be obsolete in two years time, and the illusion of infinite growth. +The transistor is often seen as an accelleration point in computing history. It replaced big and expensive vacuum tubes, paving the way for portable radios, cheap toys, and eventually the silicon chip. Theories like Moore's law[^moore] creates an expectation of constant upgrading, where your computer will be obsolete in two years time, and the illusion of infinite growth. -This miniturization of components did not result in a more efficicient use of technology. On the contrary, Jevons’ Paradox shows that increased efficiency in the production process would lead to even more resource consumption. [@remyLimitsSustainableInteraction2015] [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011] [@parksFallingApartElectronics2007] \ No newline at end of file +This miniturization of components did not result in a more efficicient use of technology. On the contrary, Jevons’ Paradox shows that increased efficiency in the production process would lead to even more resource consumption. [@remyLimitsSustainableInteraction2015] [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011] [@parksFallingApartElectronics2007] diff --git a/src/content/recipes/PCB-keyboard/index.md b/src/content/recipes/PCB-keyboard/index.md index 8332b60..92bd30e 100644 --- a/src/content/recipes/PCB-keyboard/index.md +++ b/src/content/recipes/PCB-keyboard/index.md @@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ This recipe uses the SingleTransistorOsc created in a previous recipe. The keybo -From a PCB that you have salvaged, remove _all_ of the components and, with a piece of sandpaper, scratch off the green mask of the PCB, making the coper visible. This causes the traces on the PCB to become conductive. -Find or make a bunch of tracks, or traces, that are not connected to each other (using the multimeter). These will act as your wires! To one trace, solder the audio in from the SingleTransistorOsc. Find a trace nearby, close enough that if you can touch the two traces with your thumb, and solder a resistor on that trace. The other end of the resistor should go back to your SingleTransistorOsc. +From a PCB that you have salvaged, remove _all_ of the components and, with a piece of sandpaper, scratch off the green mask of the PCB, making the copper visible. This causes the traces on the PCB to become conductive. +Find or make a bunch of tracks or traces that are not connected to each other (using the multimeter). These will act as your wires! To one trace, solder the audio in from the SingleTransistorOsc. Find a trace nearby, close enough that if you can touch the two traces with your thumb, and solder a resistor on that trace. The other end of the resistor should go back to your SingleTransistorOsc. -Now, when you touch both traces with your finger, a bridge is created, closing the circuit, and causing the audio signal to go trough your resistor back into the original circuit. If you do this multiple times with various resistor values, you've create a playable keyboard! +Now, when you touch both traces with your finger, a bridge is created, closing the circuit, and causing the audio signal to go through your resistor back into the original circuit. If you do this multiple times with various resistor values, you've create a playable keyboard! illustartie vervangen met een getekende kicad ding diff --git a/src/content/recipes/SingleTransistorOsc/index.md b/src/content/recipes/SingleTransistorOsc/index.md index f9c3a42..69ab009 100644 --- a/src/content/recipes/SingleTransistorOsc/index.md +++ b/src/content/recipes/SingleTransistorOsc/index.md @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Connections: pcb: "./recipes/SingleTransistorOsc/PaperCircuit.svg" sample: "./recipes/SingleTransistorOsc/sample_Cropped.mp3" buildNotes: - - "use alligator clips to connect your 18V and GND to your power supply" + - “Use alligator clips to connect your 18V and GND to your power supply" - "Cut the middle leg of the transistor for this to work" --- @@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ This *super simple oscillator circuit*[^easy] makes use of something called a "r [^reddit]: This is why Reddit has advised against building this oscillator. But this is the only sound generating schematic that has worked so far and doesn't use chips. +reddit er evt. uithalen ### Powering Select the amount of voltage you need based on the transistor[^datasheet] you have. Mine needed 18V, so using alligator clips, I've connected our previously built power supply. @@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ Select the amount of voltage you need based on the transistor[^datasheet] you ha ### Testing & Troubleshooting After double-checking all your connections, hook the audio out to an amplified speaker (like a small JBL). No sound? Here are things to try: +dit moet een list zijn - Triple check your connections and the orientation of the capacitor. - Play around with the potentiometer[^potmeter]. - using a multimeter, follow the entire audio trace from the transistor up until your audio cable. @@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ After double-checking all your connections, hook the audio out to an amplified s [^potmeter]: mine only makes a sound for a small portion of the potentiometers range. ## When there is noise -If you, like me, have struggled a lot to get any sound whatsoever, I can hopefully tell you that **this is where things will get fun(ky)**. Getting a single sound out of anything is such a eureka moment. [^clicks]Because from here, you'll be able to play around with the circuit and use our own imagination. For instance, using a different sized resistor to change the pitch. Or, using a Light Dependant Resistor to control the pitch based on the sound. Or adding a on/off button. Or, building your own keyboard using multiple resistors... +If you, like me, have struggled a lot to get any sound whatsoever, I can hopefully tell you that **this is where things will get fun(ky)**. Getting a single sound out of anything is such a eureka moment [^clicks]. Because from here, you'll be able to play around with the circuit and use our own imagination. For instance, using a different sized resistor to change the pitch. Or, using a Light Dependant Resistor to control the pitch based on the sound. Or adding a on/off button. Or, building your own keyboard using multiple resistors... [^clicks]: Making and playing this circuit helped me a lot with understanding how electricity flows and how you can manipulate the flow. diff --git a/src/content/recipes/power-supply/index.md b/src/content/recipes/power-supply/index.md index 93bdbee..f5eef57 100644 --- a/src/content/recipes/power-supply/index.md +++ b/src/content/recipes/power-supply/index.md @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Before plugging in the batteries, check your connections[^continuity]. When the [^volt-meter]: Test this by using the volt meter on the multimeter. One probe touches your ground pin, the other the pin you'd like to test. -[^continuity]: You can test this using the *continuity* mode on your multi meter, which beeps if electricity can pass trough. +[^continuity]: You can test this using the *continuity* mode on your multi meter, which beeps if electricity can pass through. #### Upgrade An upgrade that could be useful is adding a power switch and/or LED to show if the power supply is active.