small words big typos

app.py

@@ -24,20 +24,6 @@ now = datetime.now()
 word_count = 0
 ins_count = 0
 
-def imageSpread(params):
-    global documents
-    param = params.split(" ")
-    print(param[1])
-    for item in documents[param[0]]:
-        print(item.get("filename"))
-
-    d = [item for item in documents[param[0]] if item.get("filename") == param[1]]
-    print(d)
-    template = env.select_template(["snippets/spread-images.jinja"])
-    html = template.render(documents=documents, content=d[0], type=param[1])
-
-    return html
-
 # jinja filter that can list documents
 def listDocuments(params):
     param = params.split(" ")
@@ -75,8 +61,6 @@ def count_words_in_markdown(text):
     # Remove enumerations
     text = re.sub(r"[0-9#]*\.", "", text)
 
-    print("counting!")
-    print(text)
     return len(text.split())
 
 
@@ -93,7 +77,7 @@ def get_ins_count(html_string):
 # jinja filter to replace shortcodes in HTML
 def shortcode_filter(value):
 
-    shortcode_callbacks = {"show": listDocuments, "showImages": imageSpread}
+    shortcode_callbacks = {"show": listDocuments}
 
     def shortcode_replacer(match):
 

src/assets/styles/layout.css

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+:root {
+  --header-offset: 32mm;
+}
+
 * {
   box-sizing: border-box;
 }
@@ -23,7 +27,7 @@ article header {
 }
 
 article header {
-  min-height: 32mm;
+  min-height: var(--header-offset);
 }
 
 aside+section p:first-child {
@@ -171,7 +175,6 @@ figcaption:before {
 .image-list {
   break-inside: avoid;
   break-before: page;
-  break-after: page;
   width: calc(100% + var(--footnote-w));
   margin-right: calc(var(--footnote-w) * -1);
 }

src/assets/styles/paged.css

@@ -126,27 +126,27 @@ body {
     display: grid;
     grid-template-columns: 1fr;
     grid-template-rows: 1fr;
-    grid-template-areas: "nul";
+    grid-template-areas: "zero";
-    grid-column-gap: 4mm;
+    grid-gap: 4mm;
     overflow: hidden;
   }
 
   header[data-length="2"] {
     grid-template-columns: 1fr;
-    grid-template-rows: 50% 50%;
+    grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr;
-    grid-template-areas: "nul" "1";
+    grid-template-areas: "zero" "one";
   }
 
   header[data-length="3"] {
     grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
-    grid-template-rows: 50% 50%;
+    grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr;
-    grid-template-areas: "nul 1" "nul 2";
+    grid-template-areas: "zero one" "zero two";
   }
 
   header[data-length="4"] {
     grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
-    grid-template-rows: 50% 50%;
+    grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr;
-    grid-template-areas: "nul 1" "2 3";
+    grid-template-areas: "zero one" "two three";
   }
 
   img {
@@ -162,19 +162,19 @@ body {
   }
 
   figure[index="0"] {
-    grid-area: nul;
+    grid-area: zero;
   }
 
   figure[index="1"] {
-    grid-area: 1;
+    grid-area: one;
   }
 
   figure[index="2"] {
-    grid-area: 2;
+    grid-area: two;
   }
 
   figure[index="3"] {
-    grid-area: 3;
+    grid-area: three;
   }
 
   figure img {

src/assets/styles/table.css

@@ -16,11 +16,21 @@ tr {
 
 td, th {
   padding: 0.25em;
-  font-size: 9px;
+  font-size: 10px;
   height: 30px;
   overflow-wrap: break-word;
 }
 
+tr th:first-of-type, tr td:first-of-type {
+  padding-left: 0;
+}
+
+tr th:last-of-type, tr td:last-of-type {
+  padding-right: 0;
+}
+
+
+
 th {
   padding: 0.25em;
   height: 40px;
@@ -51,11 +61,16 @@ div.table-wide table, table.table-wide, .table-inline {
   border-collapse: collapse;
   table-layout: fixed;
   -fs-table-paginate: paginate;
-  page-break-inside: auto;
+  page-break-inside: avoid;
   clear: both;
   margin-bottom: .5rem;
 }
 
+.table-wide {
+  page-break-before: page;
+  page-break-inside: avoid;
+}
+
 .table-wide td, .table-wide th, .table-inline td, .table-inline th {
   height: auto;
 }
@@ -67,9 +82,43 @@ div.table-wide table, table.table-wide, .table-inline {
 table.table-wide tr, .table-wide table tr {
   border-bottom: 1px dotted grey;
   display: grid;
-  grid-template-columns: 70px 65px 3fr 3fr 45px;
+  grid-template-columns: 90px 65px 3fr 3fr 45px;
   width: calc(100% + var(--footnote-w));
   min-height: 30px;
   align-items: center;
   max-width: calc(var(--pagedjs-pagebox-width) - var(--pagedjs-margin-right) - var(--pagedjs-margin-left))
 }
+
+.table-wide table {
+  margin-top: var(--header-offset) !important;
+}
+
+td > * {
+  vertical-align: middle;
+  line-height: 0;
+}
+.table-wide h2 {
+  line-height: 0;
+}
+
+
+table mark {
+  background: none;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  justify-content: center;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: .5rem;
+  color: inherit;
+}
+
+table mark:before {
+  font-weight: bold;
+  content: "•";
+  color: var(--accent);
+  font-size: 20px;
+  line-height: 1px;
+}
+
+colgroup {
+  display: none !important;
+}

src/content/chapters/-1-intro.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ When I first read about salvage computing, I got very excited. Being part of the
 
 [^circuit-bending]: the practice around hacking discarded toys to find sonic potential through creating shorts, or sometimes literally bending the circuit.
 
-[^playful]: Making instruments is an engaging way to learn about and work with the flow of electricity
+[^playful]: Making instruments is an engaging way to learn about and work with the flow of electricity.
 
 In an ecosystem where a printer is only printing with a costly subscription [^printer-subscription], disruptive products become obsolete within a year[^AI-pin], fixing your own flat tires is outsourced [^swapfiets] and some smartphones literally have to be frozen to be able to replace the battery [^frozen], it’s clear we’re no longer in charge of our own devices. Warranty-void stickers and lengthy terms and conditions scare us into compliance.
 
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ I’ve noticed how empowering these first-time soldering workshops can be in tak
 
 [^printer-subscription]: HP’s “all-inclusive” printers can only be used with an active subscription [@hachmanNightmareRealHP2024].
 
-[^AI-pin]: Humane Inc. Ai Pin closed their servers within one year after releasing their *A.I. Pin*. Now, you can only ask this piece of hardware how many batteries it has left. [@chokkattuWhatYourDefunct2025]
+[^AI-pin]: Humane Inc. Ai Pin closed their servers within one year after releasing their *A.I. Pin*. Now, you can only ask this piece of hardware how many batteries it has left [@chokkattuWhatYourDefunct2025].
 
-[^swapfiets]: Swapfiets promote their bike subscriptions as “We give you a bike that you never have to repair”
+[^swapfiets]: Swapfiets promote their bike subscriptions as “We give you a bike that you never have to repair”.
 
-[^frozen]: The Nothing Phone scored a 1/10 in iFixit's repairability score [@havardEssentialPhoneTeardown2017]
+[^frozen]: The Nothing Phone scored a 1/10 in iFixit's repairability score [@havardEssentialPhoneTeardown2017].
 
 [^single-use]: and often require much preparation in terms of collecting, transporting, repairing, testing, and cleaning.
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ The guide is split up into five chapters, each focusing on a different stage of
 *A practical guide to identifying and extracting useful components—motors, sensors, chips—and understanding how their design reflects built-in lifespans and disposability.*
 
 #### 4. Recipes for making
-*Methods for prototyping, modifying, and reusing salvaged parts*
+*Methods for prototyping, modifying, and reusing salvaged parts.*
 
 #### 5. Taking inventory
 *A moment of reflection on what worked, what didn’t, and what patterns emerge when working with discarded electronics at scale.*

src/content/chapters/0-gather.md

@@ -5,18 +5,20 @@ slug: true
 front: true
 ---
 
-When salvaging for parts, we are looking for abandoned hardware. Hardware that is still fine on the inside but no longer deemed as functional by its previous owners[^no-longer-functional]. These devices can be a literal goldmine of working parts that could be repurposed, as they probably still function, it’s the stylistic obsolescence that is the problem.
+When salvaging for parts, we are looking for abandoned hardware. Hardware that is still fine on the inside but no longer considered as functional by its previous owners[^no-longer-functional]. These devices can be a literal goldmine of working parts that could be repurposed, as they probably still function, it’s the stylistic obsolescence that is the problem.
 
 Remy & Huang argue that the core goals of ICT are simply researching new technologies and selling more products [@remyLimitsSustainableInteraction2015]. To achieve the latter, manufacturers have embraced structured obsolescence: the idea that a product has a limited lifespan and ought to be consumed and upgraded within a few years [@sterneOutTrashFuture2007]. This strategy is embedded in the manufacturing, marketing and even the naming of products [^naming]. It’s been embedded in consumer culture since the late 19th century, originally invented as a solution for overproduction [@hertzZombieMediaCircuit2012]. As a result, many devices have since been upgraded, replaced, devalued, and thrown out, before ever reaching their full potential [@parksFallingApartElectronics2007]. It is exactly these machines we are looking for. So, where to find them?
 
 [^naming]: Samsung Galaxy S8, iPhone 12s, Dyson V12 Absolute. The naming itself implies there’s a next version, making yours outdated by default.
 
-[^no-longer-functional]: The spectrum of "still fine" and "no longer deemed as functional" is very wide; printers with discontinued cartridges, Blu-ray players, the infamous E.T. game that was buried, an iPhone 8 with a bad battery, or Spotify’s “Car Thing.”
+[^no-longer-functional]: The spectrum of "still fine" and "no longer deemed as functional" is very wide; printers with discontinued cartridges, Blu-ray players, an iPhone 8 with a bad battery, or Spotify’s “Car Thing.” 
 
 I’ve identified 3 strategies for gathering electronic hardware.
 
 #### 1. Institutional discards
-Offices, schools, museums, or other companies often replace their hardware every 5 years, whether it’s broken or not, due to tax incentives<ins>reference: nieuw kopen is ingecalculeerd</ins>. If electronics aren’t central to their operations, their leftovers often gather dust. Keep your ears open, utilise your network, these forgotten machines could be your best source.
+Offices, schools, museums, or other companies often replace their hardware every 5 years, whether it’s broken or not, due to tax regulations[^regulations]. If electronics aren’t central to their operations, their leftovers often gather dust. Keep your ears open, utilize your network, these forgotten machines could be your best source.
+
+[^regulations]: Business assets such as laptops and computers are given a depreciation rate of 20%, implying a standard lifespan of 5 years for tax purposes.
 
 #### 2. Browsing the streets
 I feel like good waste “comes to you”. Keep your eyes open, look around. Actively going on waste walks has not paid off [^unbinair-waste]. Their chances depend heavily on local waste policies [^should-be-communicated] and activities[^waste-activities].
@@ -25,17 +27,17 @@ I feel like good waste “comes to you”. Keep your eyes open, look around. Act
 
 [^waste-activities]: In Rotterdam, there are various WhatsApp & Facebook groups exchanging geo locations for great trash.
 
-[^should-be-communicated]: The municipality waste guide website & app of Rotterdam is not functioning and has not been updated since 2022
+[^should-be-communicated]: The municipality waste guide website & app of Rotterdam is not functioning and has not been updated since 2022.
 
 #### 3. Donations from friends & family
-As you enthusiastically keep your friends & family in the loop about your salvaging endeavors, you’ll notice the phenomenon of donations. Since a sizable portion of our replaced computing devices still reside in our storage units, waiting to be of any value, most would be happy to find such a good destination as you [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011].
+As you enthusiastically keep your friends & family in the loop about your salvaging endeavors, you’ll notice the phenomenon of donations. Since a sizeable portion of our replaced computing devices still reside in our storage units, waiting to be of any value, most would be happy to find such a good destination as you [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011].
 
 ## Infiltrating the waste stream
 My attempts to create a consistent waste-income through more official routes have not been successful. These established waste streams, where trash is being collected, organized, and processed in multiple facilities, are difficult to trace. Rotterdam collects e-waste via official centers and drop-off bins, usually placed inside supermarkets. The emphasis is on bringing waste in. What happens after is vague and leans heavily on a promise of a circular economy[^circular-economy].
 
 [^circular-economy]: A model where everything is recycled, nothing is wasted, and new raw materials are never needed. A seductive but mostly mythical narrative, that keeps consumers consuming.
 
-Alternatively, the devices can be returned to the manufacturer through recycling programs. However, it’s unclear what exactly happens with the recycled material, and is always part of a customer journey [^samsung]<ins>onduidelijke einde zin</ins>. This relieves the consumer of the disposal responsibility but keeps the cycle of buying new unaltered.
+Consumer devices can be returned to the manufacturer through recycling programs. Here too, it’s unclear what exactly happens with the returned devices, and the program is always part of a customer journey [^samsung]. This relieves the consumer of the disposal responsibility but keeps the cycle of buying new unaltered.
 
 [^samsung]: For instance, Samsungs recycle program starts with “Step 1. Buy your new device with trade-in discount on samsung.com”‌.
 
@@ -44,8 +46,6 @@ Trying to engage with these streams differently, by salvaging, not just discardi
 [^solo]: My attempts to establish a relationship with the thrift shop failed. Out of pity I was allowed to snoop in their garbage bin (which was locked away and filled with goodies). Their waste was already part of a monetized system, and my presence didn’t fit.
 
 ## Pick your battles
-When inspecting a device for salvage possibilities, I try to imagine what the inside of the device looks like. What kind of components might I find? Are there any motors or moving parts? What kind of material is the device made of? What time period does it come from? Which companies manufactured the device and its parts? Do I see any use for it now?
+When inspecting a device for salvage possibilities, I try to imagine what the inside of the device looks like. What kind of components might I find? Are there any motors or moving parts? What kind of material is the device made of? What time period does it come from? Which companies manufactured the device and its parts? Is there an audio signal on the inside? Do I see any use for it now?
-
-Great devices are; things that have an audio input and output, radios, casette players, anything that has parts that move, <ins>hier verder op uitpakken</ins>
 
 If I don’t expect much, I’ll leave it for the next person to salvage.

src/content/chapters/1-dismantling.md

@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ Once you've found a piece of hardware, it's time to start dismantling the device
 
 #### To open devices
   - A set of screwdrivers with various bits and sizes [^bits]
-  - Plastic spudger or pick — *Used to pry open seams without damaging the casing.*
+  - Plastic spudger or pick — *Used to pry open seams without damaging the casing*
-  - Saw or utility knife - *cut through plastic cases or stubborn sections.*
+  - Saw or utility knife - *cut through plastic cases or stubborn sections*
   - Flat pliers - *for heavy duty pulling*
   - Drill - *to drill through stuck and damaged screws*
   - Tweezers
 
 #### For salvaging & making
-  - Multimeter — *Tests components for continuity, resistance, or voltage.*
+  - Multimeter — *Tests components for continuity, resistance, or voltage*
   - Soldering iron & solder
   - Desoldering pump
   - Solder wick
@@ -37,11 +37,12 @@ It's not always clear where to start. Grabbing a heavy duty tool immediatly coul
 
 [^repair-manual]: These manuals contain valuable information that can help you to understand the device and to take it apart. [![This  repair manual that passed the (un)Repair Cafe contains a schematic, disassembly information, parts list and multiple trouble shooting guides](./chapters/trouble-shoot.png)](https://elektrotanya.com/panasonic_rs-768us.pdf/download.html#dl)
 
-Let’s take a look at the device. Can you spot any screws? They might be hidden behind warranty stickers[^warranty] or tucked away behind obscure corners. I find it helpful to follow the seams of the casing. Especially with plastic enclosures, it’s not just screws—look for small tabs or glue holding things together.
+Let’s take a look at the device. Can you spot any screws? They might be hidden behind warranty stickers[^warranty] or tucked away in obscure corners. I find it helpful to follow the seams of the casing. Especially with plastic enclosures, it’s not just screws—look for small tabs or glue holding things together.
 
-[^warranty]: Warranty stickers are not legally binding, as warranties are dictated by consumer laws [@aragonWarrantyVoidStickers2023].<ins>komt nog niet helemaal over, terugrelateren over waarom het kut is</ins>
+[^warranty]: Warranty stickers seem intimidating but are not legally binding, as warranties are dictated by consumer laws [@aragonWarrantyVoidStickers2023].
 
 ![Following the seams of the device](https://placehold.co/600x400)
+<ins>Picture!</ins>
 
 If you manage to create a small slit gap in a seam, insert a thin plastic pic and carefully push it along the seam. There might be small tabs holding the casing together. If the manufacturer really didn’t want you to get in there, they’ve glued it all up, and it is impossible to get in the device without causing permanent damage[^permanent].
 
@@ -54,13 +55,13 @@ Through design choices like hiding screws, heat stakes[^heat-stakes], strong adh
 
 The act of black boxing are an attempt to keep us unconsciously incompetent, and increases the distance between the consumer and the materiality of the device. The modern laptop is silent, not giving any indication of whatever is happening on the inside, or its material origins. It is only when something breaks, that their materiality becomes a reality again [@hertzZombieMediaCircuit2012] [@emersonSixDifficultInconvenient2021].
 
-[^heat-stakes]: Plastic pins that are melted to hold parts in place
+[^heat-stakes]: Plastic pins that are melted to hold parts in place.
 
 It is by opening the devices, however, that we can rediscover materiality. Then it becomes clear that what may appear so robust, seamless, and futuristic on the outside is fragile, breakable and almost futile on the inside. With the Multimeter we can track the traces from the speaker to the microchip to the microphone. Or is there something else in between?
 
 [^inside]: The inside can tell you more about the time the device was made in. For instance, I mostly find aluminum and iron type materials on the inside of older machines.
 
-<ins>wat hier nog een beetje in mist is de eigen practice</ins>
+<ins>wat hier nog een beetje in mist is de eigen practice, format deze layout</ins>
 
 ::: {.image-list}
 
@@ -73,7 +74,4 @@ It is by opening the devices, however, that we can rediscover materiality. Then
 ![Manufacturer deliberately obscured the label of this chip](/chapters/obscure_labels.webp)
 
 ![The camera contained a variety of screw sizes](/chapters/smallscrews.webp)
-
-### Open Lab
-These investigations were done during the open lab in the unrepair cafe.
 :::

src/content/chapters/2-component-salvaging.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ nested: "components"
 front: true
 ---
 
-Once you’ve broken your device down into its individual puzzle pieces, we can zoom in on them more closely. Is there anything that immediatly sparks your interest? Did you already uncover unexpected materials? Chances are you uncovered one or more Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), and—very generally speaking—some kind of input and output components, all connected by several types of wire[^wires]. For example, inside a digital picture frame I found a power input, a battery, a screen, speakers, a two-sided PCB, and an antenna.
+Once you’ve broken your device down into its individual puzzle pieces, we can zoom in on them more closely. Is there anything that immediately sparks your interest? Did you already uncover unexpected materials? Chances are you uncovered one or more Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), and—very generally speaking—some kind of input and output components, all connected by several types of wire[^wires]. For example, inside a digital picture frame I found a power input, a battery, a screen, speakers, a two-sided PCB, and an antenna.
 
 PCBs are populated with either “through hole" (THT) or "surface mount" (SMD) components. SMD components are very small and soldered directly onto the board's surface. Their size makes labels hard to read, and they’re designed for automated assembly, making them impractical for salvage[^tried]. That’s why I rarely salvage from computer-type devices. These usually contain nothing but SMD components and lack interesting interactions or mechanical parts.
 
@@ -24,43 +24,43 @@ In a well-ventilated[^well-ventilated] room, heat up the blob of solder that con
 [^well-ventilated]: whilst modern devices cannot contain lead anymore, older solder will. Do not lick the PCB, clean your hands after and open a window.
 
 ## Common components
-In the next few pages, I’ll briefly address some of the more common components. If you want to know more about what each component specifically does, I recommend *Getting started in electronics* [@mimsGettingStartedElectronics1983].
+In the next few pages, I’ll briefly address some of the more common components. If you want to know more about what each component specifically does, I recommend Getting started in electronics [@mimsGettingStartedElectronics1983].
 
 Many components, like transistors and chips, have datasheets available online. You can usually find them by entering the part number, often printed directly on the component[^unless], into a search engine. While datasheets can be overwhelming and full of technical jargon, they typically show a pinout, explaining what each leg does, and a description of the component's behavior.
 
-<ins>iets toevoegen over wat we met die componenten die gaan doen</ins>
+In the next chapter, we’ll get into making with the salvaged components. The recipes need some specific components, which are highlighted below. It's always wise to have some extra! Components might break, speaking from experience, having to stop because you've run out of working components, is very discouraging.
 
 [^unless]: Since the manufacturer didn’t think you ever needed to know which oddly specific chip you’re looking at, they sometimes deliberately scratched it off.
 
 ::: {.table-wide}
+
+## Overview of common components
+
 | **Name**                           | **Category**             | **Description**                                                  | **Found in**                                  | **Symbol**                                               |
 |------------------------------------|--------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
 | **555 Timer**                      | Chip                    | A small chip that generates pulses                               | Timers, LED dimmers                           |                                                          |
-| **Capacitor**                      | Capacitor                | Store a voltage                                                  | Everywhere!                                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Capacitor-IEC-Polarized.svg)     |
+| **<mark>Capacitor</mark>**                      | Capacitor                | Store a voltage                                                  | Everywhere!                                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Capacitor-IEC-Polarized.svg)     |
-| **Coil**                           | Passive        | These funky components can create sounds on their own            | Transformers, relays, wireless charging       | ![](./assets/schematics/Inductor-COM-Air.svg)            |
+| **<mark>Coil</mark>**                           | Passive        | These funky components can create sounds on their own            | Transformers, relays, wireless charging       | ![](./assets/schematics/Inductor-COM-Air.svg)            |
 | **Crystal Oscillator**             | Passive                  | Generates a frequency that is often used as a clock              | Devices that have processors                  |                                                          |
 | **Diode**                          | Passive                    | Forces current to flow in one direction                          | Everywhere!                                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Diode-COM-Standard.svg)          |
 | **Displays**                       | Output                  | Display information                                              | Monitors, calculators, embedded systems       |                                                     |
-| **LED**     | Output                    | Emit a small light                                               | Everywhere!                                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Diode-COM-LED.svg)               |
+| **<mark>LED</mark>**     | Output                    | Emit a small light                                               | Everywhere!                                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Diode-COM-LED.svg)               |
 | **Logic chips**                    | Chip                    | Create logic and switches                                        | Computers, microcontrollers, control circuits |                                                          |
 | **MOSFET**                         | Chip                    | Not sure yet                                                     | Power supplies, motor control                 |                                                          |
-| **Magnet**                         | Misc                     | Electromagnetic applications, motors                             | Speakers, hard drives                         |                                                     |
+| **<mark>Magnet</mark>**                         | Misc                     | Electromagnetic applications, motors                             | Speakers, hard drives                         |                                                     |
 | **Microcontroller**                | Chip                    | Programmable chip, for example the ATmega328                     | Embedded systems, Arduino, automation         | ![](./assets/schematics/Capacitor-IEC-Polarized.svg)     |
 | **Microphone**                     | Input                    | Record sound                                                     | Phones, vapes                                 | ![](./assets/schematics/Audio-IEEE-Microphone.svg)       |
-| **Motor**                          | Output | Spins when a power is applied                                    | Printers, blenders, vacuums                   | ![](./assets/schematics/motor.png)                       |
+| **<mark>Motor</mark>**                          | Output | Spins when a power is applied                                    | Printers, blenders, vacuums                   |                       |
 | **NPN Transistor**                 | Transistor               | Amplification/switching                                          | Everywhere!                                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Transistor-COM-BJT-NPN.svg)      |
 | **Op-Amp** | Chip                    | Amplifying signals                                               | Audio circuits, sensors, control systems      | ![](./assets/schematics/IC-COM-OpAmp.svg)                |
-| **PNP Transistor**                 | Transistor               | Amplification/switching                                          | Everywhere!                                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Transistor-COM-BJT-PNP.svg)      |
+| **<mark>PNP Transistor</mark>**                 | Transistor               | Amplification/switching                                          | Everywhere!                                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Transistor-COM-BJT-PNP.svg)      |
 | **Piezo disc**                     | Ouput/Input              | Records or creates vibrations                                    | Buzzers, sensors                              |                                                          |
-| **Potentiometer**                  | Resistor                 | Limiting voltage through a knob                                  | Volume knobs, light dimmers                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Resistor-IEEE-Potentiometer.svg) |
+| **<mark>Potentiometer</mark>**                  | Resistor                 | Limiting voltage through a knob                                  | Volume knobs, light dimmers                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Resistor-IEEE-Potentiometer.svg) |
 | **Relay**                          | Switch        | Switches power                                                   | Household appliances                          | ![](./assets/schematics/Relay-COM-COM-SPDT.svg)          |
-| **Resistor**                       | Resistor                 | Limiting voltage                                                 | Everywhere!                                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Resistor-IEEE-Standard.svg)      |
+| **<mark>Resistor</mark>**                       | Resistor                 | Limiting voltage                                                 | Everywhere!                                   | ![](./assets/schematics/Resistor-IEEE-Standard.svg)      |
 | **Speaker**                        | Ouput                    | Outputs sound                                                    | Toys, (portable) radios                       | ![](./assets/schematics/Audio-COM-Loudspeaker.svg)       |
 | **Switches & buttons**             | Input                    | Interact with the device                                         | Light switches, keyboards                     | ![](./assets/schematics/Switch-COM-SPST.svg)             |
 | **Thermistor**                     | Resistor                 | Limiting voltage dependent on temperature                        | Not sure yet                                  | ![](./assets/schematics/Resistor-IEEE-Thermistor.svg)    |
 | **Trimpots**                       | Resistor                 | Limit voltage through a small knob adjustable with a screwdriver | Audio circuits, calibration devices           | ![](./assets/schematics/Resistor-IEEE-Trimmer.svg)       |
-| **Voltage regulators**             | Chip        | Not sure yet                                                     | Power supplies, embedded systems              |                                                          |                                                     |                          |{#link-sf .btn-read-more}
+| **Voltage regulators**             | Chip        | Not sure yet                                                     | Power supplies, embedded systems              |                                                          |                                                     |                          |
 :::
-
-
-<ins>in dit hoofdstuk benoemen dat je extra zooi nodig hebt voor het geval je iet sopblaast</ins>

src/content/chapters/3-recipes.md

@@ -10,17 +10,17 @@ nested: "recipes"
 
 Hopefully, you’ve salvaged a variety of components by now, and we can start to actually build some sound with them. In this chapter you'll find a bunch of recipes; the starting points for sound devices. These modular recipes can be used standalone or connected together into a bigger system. This modularity makes problem-solving slightly easier[^easier], and you can pick and choose your modules based on your salvaged inventory.
 
-[^easier]: Still a headache! But now you only have to triple check a handful of components, instead of 120
+[^easier]: Still a headache! But now you only have to triple check a handful of components, instead of 120.
 
 Every recipe contains a paper circuit[^paper-circuit-ciat] to print. These circuits are the blueprint of your device, between a schematic and an industrial PCB. The biggest advantage of using paper, apart from being able to solder the connections of your components right on top of the circuit, is that it is flexible. You can take notes, draw lines and adjust the schematic as you go. This saves you from either having to use toxic chemicals to etch your own circuit boards, or outsource the development.<ins>laatste zin ff checken</ins>
 
-[^paper-circuit-ciat]: A method introduced by synthesizer builder Ciat Lonbarde, who used paper circuits as a way to distribute circuits and ideas for free @blasserStoresMall2015 .
+[^paper-circuit-ciat]: A method introduced by synthesizer builder Ciat Lonbarde, who used paper circuits as a way to distribute circuits and ideas for free [@blasserStoresMall2015]. <ins>dubbel</ins>
 
 ### Assembling the circuit
-1. Cut out the circuit and fold it in half, creating a two sided print
+1. Cut out the circuit and fold it in half, creating a two sided print.
-2. Gather the components listed in the "Bill of Materials" (BOM)
+2. Gather the components listed in the "Bill of Materials" (BOM).
 3. Populate the first components by pinning the legs through the paper in their designated areas. Keep an eye on the orientation[^orientation]. Start small (resistors) then move to larger parts.
-4. Create the connections according to the circuit by soldering the legs together. I've found bare copper wire is the quickest.
+4. Create the connections according to the circuit by soldering the legs together using (copper) wire.
 5. Repeat until all components are in place!
 6. Test & triple-check all connections [^triple-check].
 
@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ Every recipe contains a paper circuit[^paper-circuit-ciat] to print. These circu
 
 There is no need to understand every single component on each recipe [^no-need], but try to follow the connections on the circuit. Which road is the audio signal taking? This will help you a lot with troubleshooting.
 
-[^no-need]:Rule #17 from Handmade Electronic Music states "If it sounds good and doesn’t smoke, don’t worry if you don’t understand it." @collinsHandmadeElectronicMusic2009.
+[^no-need]:Rule #17 from *Handmade Electronic Music states* "If it sounds good and doesn’t smoke, don’t worry if you don’t understand it." [@collinsHandmadeElectronicMusic2009].
 
 ### !Safety notes!
 
-- **Audio can be surprisingly loud**. Use small speakers (never headphones![^headphones]) you wouldn’t miss if they break, and keep your hand on the volume dial when plugging in your sound device for the first time
+- **Audio can be surprisingly loud**. Use small speakers (never headphones![^headphones]) you wouldn’t miss if they break, and keep your hand on the volume dial when plugging in your sound device for the first time.
-- **Use batteries**. Plugging into a wall (120V) can be incredibly dangerous. Always unplug the power from the circuit when making changes, to prevent shorts
+- **Use batteries**. Plugging into a wall (120V) can be incredibly dangerous. Always unplug the power from the circuit when making changes, to prevent shorts.
 - **Watch that smell**. “Magic smoke” has a certain smell. Unplug immediately when something smells/smokes!
-- **Two know more than one**. If you're not sure, invite a friend and I'm sure you'll figure it out together
+- **Two know more than one**. If you're not sure, invite a friend and I'm sure you'll figure it out together.
 
 [^headphones]: Your hearing is precious, and accidently blasting an overpowered sine-wave Through your ears can cause permanent damage.
 
@@ -50,9 +50,4 @@ But, maybe this is not possible, and maybe that is okay.
 
 <ins>bij de BOM de links naar components er uit halen</ins>
 
-
-
 <ins>Dirty electronics talks about scale in electronics,  “With the ever-decreasing size and miniaturisation of electronics, the work of Dirty Electronics often attempts to re-size technology to human scale. The idea expressed by David Tudor of composing inside electronics is re-addressed with the intention of thinking of composing ‘outside’ electronics, where a music driven by electronics is also” [@richardsDIYElectronicMusic2013]</ins>
-
-
-<span class="fix-break-left"></span>

src/content/chapters/4-reflection.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-title: “Taking inventory”
+title: "Taking inventory"
 type: Chapter
 slug: true
 ---

src/content/components/0_resistor.md

@@ -11,25 +11,25 @@ schematicSymbol: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/IEEE_
 alsoKnownAs: "knob, pot, potentiometer, variable resistor, dial"
 ---
 
-You’ll find resistors in nearly every electronic device and schematic. It’s useful to keep a wide range of values around, from 1Ω up to 10 million Ω. Their colored bands indicate their value<ins>waar kun je dat vinden</ins>. In my experience, their values on schematics are usually an indicator, and you can divert slightly without too much impact on your project.
+You’ll find resistors in nearly every electronic device and schematic. It’s useful to keep a wide range of values around, from 1Ω(ohm) up to 10 million Ω. Their colored bands indicate their value[^value]. In my experience, their values on schematics are usually an indicator, and you can divert slightly without too much impact on your project.
 
-Variable resistors—like photoresistors and potentiometers—are especially worth salvaging, along with their knobs[^knobs]. They make your circuit interactive with your circuit.<ins>yes, niets meer aan doen</ins>
+[^value]: Each color represents a number or a multiplier. A table of this can be found online.
+
+Variable resistors—like photoresistors and potentiometers—are especially worth salvaging, along with their knobs[^knobs]. They can make your circuit interactive, by replacing fixed resistors with variable ones. This is also a common circuit bending technique, as with older toys the pitch of a sample is often regulated by a *pitch transistor*, replacing this with a variable one allow you to control the playback speed into drone like sonic realms[^pitch-resistor].
+
+[^pitch-resistor]: With more modern toys, this is no longer the case, lowering the number of mods you can do on a toy.
 
 [^knobs]: I've found a lot of old gas stoves left out for trash collection. They often have nice knobs, that can be pulled off without need for tools.
 
 ### Types of resistors
-- Carbon or metal film resistor
+:::{.table-inline}
-*Comes in different values, marked with color bands*
+| Component             | Description                                                             |
-- Photoresistor
+|-----------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-*Changes resistance based on amient light levels.*
+| Carbon or metal film resistor | Comes in different values, marked with color bands                    |
-- Potentiometer
+| Photoresistor         | Changes resistance based on ambient light levels                        |
-*A knob-controlled resistor.*
+| Potentiometer         | A knob-controlled resistor                                               |
-- Stereo potentiometer
+| Stereo potentiometer  | Controls two channels at once, often used for stereo audio              |
-*Controls two channels at once, often used for stereo audio.*
+| Slide potentiometer   | A slider-controlled resistor                                             |
-- Slide potentiometer
+| Trim pot               | A small, precise variable resistor you adjust with a screwdriver, used for circuit calibration |
-*A slider-controlled resistor.*
+| Thermistor            | Changes resistance based on temperature                                 |
-- Trimpot
+:::
-*A small, precise variable resistor you adjust with a screwdriver, used for circuit calibration.*
-- Thermistor
-*Changes resistance based on temperature.*
-<ins>ff alle lijsten checken met wanneer ze wel niet met een punt moeten eindigen - ook footnotes</ins>

src/content/components/1_capacitor.md

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ schematicSymbol: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Types
 alsoKnownAs: "cap, condenser"
 ---
 
-Capacitors come in all sizes. I’ve seen ones as big as a coffee cup, and SMD types so small they’re barely visible. Like resistors, these passive components appear in nearly all circuits and store small amounts of electricity. This is measured in farads (F).
+Capacitors come in all sizes. I’ve seen ones as big as a coffee cup, and SMD types so small they’re barely visible. Like resistors, these passive components appear in nearly all circuits and store limited amounts of electricity. This is measured in farads (F).
 
 :::{.table-inline}
-| Capacitor Type        | Typical Value Range       | Polarised |
+| Capacitor Type        | Typical Value Range       | Polarized  |
 |-----------------------|-------------------------|-------|
 | Ceramic     | 1 pF – 100 nF           | No        |
 | Electrolytic (Aluminum)| 0.1 µF – 10,000 µF      | Yes       |
@@ -29,4 +29,4 @@ Electrolytic capacitors don’t age well. Left unused, they have a lifespan of 2
 
 [^malfunction]: Surprisingly, most of the capacitors that I’ve tested (that didn’t visually leak) passed the test and were still usable, even the electrolytic ones.
 
-You can verify the capacitor's capacitance with a multimeter. In continuity mode, which beeps if there’s a connection, touch both legs of the discharged capacitor with the probes. You hear no sound, or a continuous volume/pitch: the capacitor is dead. Otherwise, it’s fine.<ins>hele lange zin</ins>
+You can verify the capacitor's capacitance with a multimeter. In continuity mode, which beeps if there’s a connection, touch both legs of the discharged capacitor with the probes. If you hear no sound, or a continuous volume/pitch: the capacitor is dead. Otherwise, it’s fine.

src/content/components/chips.md

@@ -14,19 +14,17 @@ Chips, or integrated circuits, are tiny black boxes packed with microscopic comp
 
 Don't let the size fool you! The creation of a chip, from toxic chemicals to the black container, involves around 300 steps, during which 99% of material byproduct is discarded, creating hazardous waste sites [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011]. So, if there is one part worth salvaging, it’s this one.
 
-Unfortunately, as modular as they might seem, reusing chips is not plug 'n play. While some are common and well-documented, most are obscured and specific. For instance, reusing the network chip found in a USB phone can lead to a rabbit hole of reverse engineering. And then you find another phone that has a slightly different chip, and the process starts all over again.  
+Unfortunately, as modular as they might seem, reusing chips is not plug 'n play. While some are common and well-documented[^expectations], most are obscured and specific. For instance, reusing the network chip found in a USB phone can lead to a rabbit hole of reverse engineering. And then you find another phone that has a slightly different chip, and the process starts all over again.  
 
-### Common chips to look out for[^expectations]
+[^expectations]: In the last 6 months of searching, I’ve found only a couple of op-amps, one trigger inverter (that I blew by placing it upside-down), and no 555 timers...
-- 555 Timer
-*This chip can generate audible pulses. This can be used as a sound source on its own, or to trigger other circuits, or control motors.*
-- Op-Amps (e.g., TL072, TL074, LM358)
-*Op-amps are used to amplify signals, and therefore used in loads of sound-related applications*
-- CD40106
-*A Schmitt trigger inverter can generate audible frequencies that can be tuned. They are often the core of oscillator schematics.*
-- CD4017
-*A Decade counter is often used for linear step sequencers.*
-- microcontrollers
-*If you’re lucky, you can reflash the microcontroller and write your own program.*
 
-[^expectations]: In the last 6 months of searching, I’ve found only a couple of op-amps, one trigger inverter (that I blew by using it upside-down), and no 555 timers...
+### Common chips to look out for
-<ins>using it is gekke</ins>
+:::{.table-inline}
+| Component                 | Description                                                                                   |
+|--------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| 555 Timer                | *This chip can generate audible pulses. This can be used as a sound source on its own, or to trigger other circuits, or control motors* |
+| Op-Amps (e.g., TL072, TL074, LM358) | *Op-amps are used to amplify signals, and therefore used in loads of sound-related applications.* |
+| CD40106                  | *A Schmitt trigger inverter can generate audible frequencies that can be tuned. They are often the core of oscillator schematics.* |
+| CD4017                   | *A Decade counter is often used for linear step sequencers.*                                  |
+| Microcontrollers         | *If you’re lucky, you can use the microcontroller to write your own program.*           |
+:::

src/content/components/inputs.md

@@ -3,17 +3,18 @@ title: Inputs
 type: Inputs
 description: This is the description
 images:
-  - src: ./components/Resistors.JPG
+  - src: https://placehold.co/600x400
     alt: 'This would be a great alt text'
 ---
 
-Inputs and outputs are often the most visible parts of an electronic device—and among the most accessible to salvage. It is with these components that salvaging often begins (and ends), because they are the parts that are most often visible on the outside, and thus carry the cultural context of the device.  But this visibility is a double-edged sword: it risks turning salvaging and recycling into solely aesthetic choices, causing the possibility  of *greenwashing* your practice.<ins>explain greenwashing</ins>
+Inputs and outputs are often the most visible parts of an electronic device—and among the most accessible to salvage. They are the parts that are most often visible on the outside, and thus carry the cultural context of the device. But this visibility is a double-edged sword: it risks turning salvaging and recycling into solely aesthetic choices.
 
-Recycling facilities, manufactures and product design universtiries often tend to focus on *recycling*, when talking about reducing e-waste. But among the levels of circularity _reduce, reuse, repair, recycle, refuse_, recycling is the least effective. More than half of material is lost when going through the recycling process, and often includes the shipping of the waste to countires where labour is cheap and less environmental laws causing a toxic process for the workeres and the environemnt[@ifixitRecyclingDestruction]  [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011]  [@rouraCircularDigitalDevices2021]. For exmaple, shredding a phone doesn’t just lose raw material; it erases the labor, energy, and environmental costs embedded in its original creation. And then—often—a new phone replaces it. <ins>spellcheck</ins>
+Recycling facilities, manufactures and product design universtiries often tend to focus on *recycling*, when talking about reducing e-waste. But among the levels of circularity _reduce, reuse, repair, recycle, refuse_, recycling is the least effective. More than half of material is lost when going through the recycling process, and often involves shipping waste to countries with cheaper labor costs and fewer environmental regulations, resulting in toxic conditions for both workers and the environment [@ifixitRecyclingDestruction]  [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011]  [@rouraCircularDigitalDevices2021]. Shredding a device doesn’t just lose raw material; it erases the labor, energy, and environmental costs embedded in its original creation. And the a new device replaces it.
 
-Our practice—building instruments, experimenting with electronics—sits outside this loop. It’s not just post-consumption; it’s _pre-production_. We're back at the beginning, making something new from what already exists. That’s why how we present our instruments matters. Not as market-ready eco-products with cheerful music, but as a refusal to pretend reuse is clean or easy. Recycling is the last resort. Making is the first.
+Our practice—building instruments, experimenting with electronics—sits outside this loop. It’s not just post-consumption; it’s _pre-production_. We're back at the beginning, making something new from what already exists. That’s why how we present our instruments matters. Not as market-ready eco-products with cheerful music, but as a refusal to
-
-<ins>ifixit uitleggen?</ins>
-<ins>ifixit landingspagina heeft geen date</ins>
 
 Richards argues that *Object Hood* is the central theme of DIY/repurposing. Through hacking and bending you can amplify certain propoperties of the object. [@richardsDIYMakerCommunities2017]. Through the use of piezo discs, where you can amplify the material, or utalising the electromagnetic field, found in dc motors.<ins>beetje random hier</ins>
+
+
+
+<ins>foto</ins>

src/content/components/pcb.md

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ images:
   - src: /components/PCB_1.webp
     alt: 'Need to include more different PCBs'
   - src: /components/PCB_2.webp
-    alt: 'Need to include more different PCBs'
+    alt: 'Thicker and handdrawn traces'
   - src: /components/pcb_3.webp
     alt: 'Need to include more different PCBs'
   - src: /components/ASN_with_blob.webp
-    alt: 'Need to include more different PCBs'
+    alt: 'The blob cannot be removed'
 
 usage: The circuit exists on the PCB
 whereToFind: Everywhere!
@@ -30,3 +30,7 @@ Not all PCBs follow the industrial template. Artists and other tinkerers have co
 [^component-numbering]: The schematic contains references to the component number, helping with debugging.
 
 [^monotron]: Some devices take this idea further. The Korg Monotron includes extra patch points directly on the board for DIY mods and expansions.
+
+<ins>nog over die laag eroverheen</ins>
+
+Did you spot "the Blob" on one of your PCB's? The blob (fig 16) is meant to protect certain bare parts of a PCB, but is also known as a type of reverse engineering protection.

src/content/recipes/Kick/index.md

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
----
-title: Kick
-BOMTable: true
-order: 3
-show:
-shortDescription:
-  "A keyboard to play your oscillator"
-BOM:
-  - type: Misc
-    label: "A completely clean PCB"
-  - type: Resistor
-    label: "Multiple resistors between 1K and 100K"
-pcb: "./recipes/Kick/PaperCircuit.png"
----
-
-<ins>rewrite this to the motor synth</ins>
-<ins>Talk about which components are replacable, how to circuit bend your own circuits</ins>

src/content/title "Components.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+title: "Components"
+type: Chapter
+slug: true
+nested: "components"
+front: true
+---
+
+Once you’ve broken your device down into its individual puzzle pieces, we can zoom in on them more closely. Is there anything that immediatly sparks your interest? Did you already uncover unexpected materials? Chances are you uncovered one or more Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), and—very generally speaking—some kind of input and output components, all connected by several types of wire[^wires]. For example, inside a digital picture frame I found a power input, a battery, a screen, speakers, a two-sided PCB, and an antenna.
+
+PCBs are populated with either “through hole" (THT) or "surface mount" (SMD) components. SMD components are very small and soldered directly onto the board's surface. Their size makes labels hard to read, and they’re designed for automated assembly, making them impractical for salvage[^tried]. That’s why I rarely salvage from computer-type devices. These usually contain nothing but SMD components and lack interesting interactions or mechanical parts.
+
+[^tried]: The biggest issue is the size of the legs, which are impossible to solder without making your own PCB's. I’ve made prototypes with cutting the entire PCB, using conductive ink, copper tape and charcoal pens. None of the strategies worked well
+
+[^wires]: Great for reuse as well!
+
+## Desoldering
+Desoldering components is generally more difficult than soldering and requires patience and practice. Ironically, desoldering guns are much more expensive than soldering irons, so here’s how I do it, without one.
+
+In a well-ventilated[^well-ventilated] room, heat up the blob of solder that connects the component to the PCB using a soldering iron. After a couple of seconds, you’ll notice the solder becomes liquid[^liquid]. Then, using tweezers or a plier, I carefully pull the leg out from the backside of the board, and then do the same for the other legs. This process can take somewhere between 10 seconds and 10 minutes and can be both frustrating and meditative.
+
+[^liquid]: How fast this happens depends on the temperature of the soldering iron and the melting point of the solder that is on the board. If it won’t melt, adding a bit of your own solder helps.
+
+[^well-ventilated]: whilst modern devices cannot contain lead anymore, older solder will. Do not lick the PCB, clean your hands after and open a window.
+
+## Common components
+In the next few pages, I’ll briefly address some of the more common components. If you want to know more about what each component specifically does, I recommend *Getting started in electronics* [@mimsGettingStartedElectronics1983].
+
+Many components, like transistors and chips, have datasheets available online. You can usually find them by entering the part number, often printed directly on the component[^unless], into a search engine. While datasheets can be overwhelming and full of technical jargon, they typically show a pinout, explaining what each leg does, and a description of the component's behavior.
+
+In the next chapter, we’ll get into making with the salvaged components. The recipes need some specific components, which are highlighted below. It's always wise to have some extra! Components might break, speaking from experience, having to stop because you've run out of working components, is very discouraging.
+
+[^unless]: Since the manufacturer didn’t think you ever needed to know which oddly specific chip you’re looking at, they sometimes deliberately scratched it off.
+
+::: {.table-wide}
+
+## Overview of common components
+
+:::
+
+
+<ins>in dit hoofdstuk benoemen dat je extra zooi nodig hebt voor het geval je iet sopblaast</ins>

src/templates/snippets/page-detail.jinja

@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@
     {% for image in content['images'] %}
         <figure class="" index="{{loop.index0}}">
             <img src="{{ image['src'] }}" alt="{{image['alt']}}" />
+            {% if image['alt'] %}
               <figcaption>{{image['alt']}}</figcaption>  
+            {% endif %}
+
         </figure>
     {% endfor %}