words words words

src/content/chapters/-1-intro.md

@@ -34,42 +34,45 @@ This is where the field guide comes into play: Can we shift the practice of play
 Because salvage is not just about reusing materials; but about confronting the systems that created the waste in the first place. Waste is not only obsolete media but also the by-product of the entire production lifecycle of an electronic product; From the mining of minerals that make up the hardware to the inevitable disposal site [@gabrysSalvage2012]. Since the rate at which waste is collected and recycled isn't growing at the same pace as our collective buying and production, the landfills will continue to grow. Parikka even goes as far to say as that recycling is ultimately "trade-waste", where our abandoned devices are shipped across the ocean [@parikkaDustMatter2012].
 
 ## Beyond the kit
-The preference for buying new is noticeable in the DIY synth community as well. When publishing a project, it's common to share a pre-filled webshop cart along with the schematics or even sell it as a pre-compiled kit[^KIT]. To me, this goes against the ethos of DIY, which is about making do with what you have, with a focus on doing, and not the "thing" [@hertzArtDIYElectronics2023]. Instead, a whole new market is created consisting of Lego-like kits. These kits gloss over the actual challenges and difficulties of creating sound boxes, preventing the development of much-needed problem-solving skills, and not actually discovering anything new [@CooperativeExperimentalismSharing].
+The preference for buying new is noticeable in the DIY synth community as well. When publishing a project, it's common to share a pre-filled webshop cart along with the schematics or even sell it as a pre-compiled kit[^KIT]. To me, this goes against the ethos of DIY: making do with what you have, with a focus on doing, and not the "thing" [@hertzArtDIYElectronics2023]. Instead, a whole new market is created consisting of Lego-like kits. These kits gloss over the actual challenges and difficulties of creating sound devices, preventing the development of much-needed problem-solving skills, and not actually discovering anything new [@CooperativeExperimentalismSharing].
 
 [^KIT]: ![Kit from Bastl Instruments](/assets/chapters/bastl_kit.webp)
 
 <ins>Echt foto's maken...</ins>
 
-![A sound box](https://placehold.co/600x400){.img--fullpage}
+![A sound device](https://placehold.co/600x400){.img--fullpage}
 
-Instead, what you will learn to build using this guide, is a starting point. Small electronic circuits that make sound on their own, but as you learn more about electronic thinkering, you can also duplicate, manipulate, and modulate into something entirely different.
-
-<ins>plz explain that this text not only explores the questions above, but also wants to share insights with others, what this text is (field guide with a twist), for who it is meant (in a little more detail than the very first paragraph) and in which context it is written (the grad project)? (that would situate the text and answer some of the questions Aymeric had while reading).</ins>
+Instead, what you will learn to build using this guide, is a starting point. Small electronic circuits that make sound on their own, but can also duplicated, manipulated, and modulated them into something entirely different. 
 
 
-The guide is split up into five chapters, each focusing on a different stage of salvaging for sound devices:
+To do so, it’s split up into five chapters, each focusing on a different stage of salvaging for sound devices.
 
 #### 1. Gathering hardware
-*We'll go through which devices work for salvaging, and where to find them. And talk about dealing with hidden waste streams and obsolescence.*
-oke dit gaat over de waste streams en waarom dingen weggeooien: over dat bedrijven strategieen in place hebben om je het idee te geven dat je je spullen moet upgraden
+*We trace where to find discarded electronics, what to look for, and how industry practices like planned and stylistic obsolescence shape what ends up in the trash.*
+<ins>oke dit gaat over de waste streams en waarom dingen weggeooien: over dat bedrijven strategieen in place hebben om je het idee te geven dat je je spullen moet upgraden</ins>
 
 #### 2. Dismantling devices
-Discovery of strategies that manufacturers use to keep you out of their devices
-hier gaat het weer meer over black boxing en planned obsolesence, dus dat het sowieso stuk gaat i guess
-En ook over de service manual
+Opening up devices to uncover design strategies that prevent access: proprietary screws, glued casings, encryption, and the disappearance of service manuals.
+
+<ins>hier gaat het weer meer over black boxing en planned obsolesence, dus dat het sowieso stuk gaat i guess
+En ook over de service manual</ins>
 
 #### 3. Components to salvage
-*An overview of parts to salvage, how to identify them, and how to reuse them*
-Hier gaan we dan door te kijken naar componenten zien hoe de planned obsolesence in elkaar steekt
+A practical guide to identifying and extracting useful components—motors, sensors, chips—and understanding how their design reflects built-in lifespans and disposability.
+
+<ins>Hier gaan we dan door te kijken naar componenten zien hoe de planned obsolesence in elkaar steekt</ins>
 
 #### 4. Recipes for making
-*strategies for making with salvaged parts, and ways to modify the devices.*
+Methods for prototyping, modifying, and recontextualizing salvaged parts—building experimental circuits and sound devices that embrace instability and reuse.
+
 
 #### 5. Taking inventory
-*Cleaning up the inventory and looking back*
+*A moment of reflection on what worked, what didn’t, and what patterns emerge when working with discarded electronics at scale.*
+<ins>Oke hier is dus een stukje reflectie op de practice, wat werkt en wat niet, en meer herhaling</ins>
 
-Happy scavenging!
 
 <ins> Introduce yourself first (if you haven't already by giving more context about your project above). Describe your practice and what you bring to this guide (experience as a live coder, musician, designer etc. THEN you can give a disclaimer about not being an expert in electronics (you are an expert in many other fields and this expertise makes this field guide so interesting!</ins>
 
 On that note, I am by no means an expert in electronics. When I write about how things work, please take it with a grain of salt. This guide represents my personal understanding, which, no doubt, contains incorrect assumptions or oversimplifications. When in doubt, ask a friend!
+
+Happy scavenging!

src/content/chapters/0-gather.md

@@ -7,54 +7,46 @@ front: true
 
 <span template-type="chapter"></span>
 
-When salvaging for parts, we are looking for abandoned hardware. Hardware that is still fine on the inside, but no longer deemed as functional by its previous owners[^no-longer-functional]. These devices can be a literal goldmine of working parts that could be repurposed, as their inner parts probably still function, it’s the stylistic obsolescence [^stylistic-obsolescence] that is the problem.
+When salvaging for parts, we are looking for abandoned hardware. Hardware that is still fine on the inside, but no longer deemed as functional by its previous owners[^no-longer-functional]. These devices can be a literal goldmine of working parts that could be repurposed, as their inner parts probably still function, it’s the stylistic obsolescence that is the problem.
 
-<ins>dit gaat dus over dat bedrijven strategieen in place hebben om je te laten geloven dat alles geupgrade moet worden</ins>
-Remy & Huang state that the main goals of ICT is researching new technologies and selling more products [@remyLimitsSustainableInteraction2015]. To address the latter, companies have pushed for structured obsolescence; the idea that a product has a limited lifespan and will be consumed and upgraded within a few years is embedded in the manufacturing, marketing and even the naming of the product [^naming]. The strategy has been active in the consumer product since the end of the 19th centry as a proposed soltution for overproduction [@hertzZombieMediaCircuit2012], resulting in many devices that since have been upgraded, replaced, devalued and thrown out, before ever reaching their full potential [@parksFallingApartElectronics2007]. It is exactly these machines we are looking foor. So, where to find them?
+Remy & Huang argue that the core goals of ICT are simply researching new technologies and selling more product [@remyLimitsSustainableInteraction2015]. To achieve the latter, manufacturers have embraced structured obsolescence:the idea that a product has a limited lifespan and ought to be consumed and upgraded within a few years. This strategy embedded in the manufacturing, marketing and even the naming [^naming] of the product [@sterneOutTrashFuture2007]. It’s been embedded in consumer culture since the late 19th century, originally proposed as a solution for overproduction [@hertzZombieMediaCircuit2012]. As a result, many devices since have been upgraded, replaced, devalued and thrown out, before ever reaching their full potential [@parksFallingApartElectronics2007]. It is exactly these machines we are looking for. So, where to find them?
 
-[^naming]: Samsung Galaxy 16, iPhone 12s, even the dyson stofzuiger has version control. This clearly states that there will be a newer version, and yours will be outdated for sure.
-[^no-longer-functional]: The spectrum of "still fine" and "no longer deemed as functional" is very wide. Think about printers for which their specific cartridges are no longer produced, Blu-ray players, the E.T. game that was buried, that iPhone 8 with a bad battery, Spotify's "Car Thing", etc.
-
-[^stylistic-obsolescence]: **stylistic obsolescence** The idea that objects can go out of fashion and therefore should be replaced every season [@sterneOutTrashFuture2007]
+[^naming]: Samsung Galaxy S8, iPhone 12s, Dyson V12 Absolute. The naming itself implies there’s a next version, making yours outdated by default.
+[^no-longer-functional]: The spectrum of "still fine" and "no longer deemed as functional" is very wide; printers with discontinued cartridges, Blu-ray players , the infamous E.T. game that was buried, an iPhone 8 with a bad battery, or Spotify’s “Car Thing.”
 
 I’ve identified 3 strategies for gathering the electronic hardware.
 
 #### 1. Browsing the streets
-I feel like good waste *“comes to you”*. Keep your eyes open, look around. Actively going on waste walks has not been very fruitful for me [^unbinair-waste]. The success is dependent on where you live and the waste regulations and activities[^waste-activities]. Information about waste management should[^should-be-communicated] be communicated via the municipality.
+I feel like good waste *“comes to you”*. Keep your eyes open, look around. Actively going on waste walks have rarely paid off [^unbinair-waste]. Your chances depend heavily on local[^should-be-communicated]. waste policies and activities[^waste-activities]. In Rotterdam, you’ll find informal networks—WhatsApp and Facebook groups—sharing the locations of promising trash piles.
 
-[^unbinair-waste]: Artist unbinair, who works with reverse-engineering e-waste states that in the early 2000’s it was much easier to find e-waste on the streets. <ins>I would like to mention the hidden waste streams discussed in [@fennisOntologyElectronicWaste2022]</ins>
+[^unbinair-waste]: Artist Unbinair, who works with reverse-engineering e-waste, points out that in the early 2000s, going in e-waste walks was benificial. Squatter communities actively repaired and reused these discarded devices. Now that e-waste is channeled into designated recycling centres, the waste stream has become more concealed, obstructing repair-based reuse.[@fennisOntologyElectronicWaste2022].
 
 [^waste-activities]: In Rotterdam, there are various WhatsApp & Facebook groups exchanging geo locations for great trash.
 
-[^should-be-communicated]: The municipality waste guide website & app of Rotterdam is not functioning and has not been updated since 2022.
+[^should-be-communicated]: The municipality waste guide website & app of Rotterdam is not functioning and has not been updated since 2022
 
 #### 2. Donations from friends & family
-As you enthusiastically keep your friends & family in the loop about your salvaging endeavors, you’ll notice the phenomenon of donations. Since a large portion of our replaced computing devices still reside in our storage units, waiting to be of any value, most would be happy to find such a good destination as you. Additionally, might be time to check your own skeletons in the closet [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011].
+As you enthusiastically keep your friends & family in the loop about your salvaging endeavors, you’ll notice the phenomenon of donations. Since a large portion of our replaced computing devices still reside in our storage units, waiting to be of any value, most would be happy to find such a good destination as you [@gabrysDigitalRubbishNatural2011]. Might be time to check your own skeletons in the closet 
 
 #### 3. Institutional discards
-Institutions where electronic hardware is not their day-to-day business, usually do not have a systematic solution for their e-waste. Due to tax regulations in the Netherlands, many have a system in place to replace their hardware (printers, computers, etc. ), every 5 years. The remainder are put in storage. This could be you!
+Offices, schools, and other companies often replace their hardware every 5 years, whether it’s broken or not, due to tax incentives. But if electronics aren’t central to their operations, their leftovers often gather dust. These forgotten machines could be your best source. 
 
 ## Infiltrating the waste stream
-My attempts to create a more consistent waste-income through more official routes have not been very successful. These established waste streams, where trash is being collected, organised, and processed in multiple facilities, are quite difficult to discover. For consumers, Gemeente Rotterdam encourages the disposal of electronic devices via recycling centres or in so called drop-off boxes, found in supermarkets and other public spaces. The communication done by the companies and stichtingen that facilitate these location is very much geared towards getting the consumer to bring their waste. There is very little mention of what happens afterwards, and the idea is introduced that there is a full *circulair economy*[^circulair-economy] providing a 100% recycled thing.
+My attempts to create a more consistent waste-income through more official routes have not been very successful. These established waste streams, where trash is being collected, organised, and processed in multiple facilities, are quite difficult to discover. Rotterdam collects e-waste via official centers and drop-off bins, usually placed inside supermarkets. The emphasis in communnication is on bringing waste in. What happens after is vague, and leans heavily on the promise of a circular economy[^circulair-economy].
 
-Activly engaging with these waste-streams, not only by bringing in but also salvaging from, is not possible. Usually the method of exchange is to translate the waste into monetary value, only being sold in the [bulk](https://my.stichting-open.org/productlist-external). It is not allowed to *take* form recycling centers: Solo salvaging is not invited in this transaction.
+[^circulair-economy]: A model where everything is recycled, nothing is wasted, and new raw materials are never needed. A seductive but mostly mythical narrative, that keeps consumers consuming.
 
-[^circulair-economy]: the idea of a closed loop economy, where a 100% of a recycled product is being reused in the production of new products, and no new materials are needed.
+Trying to engage with these streams differently—by salvaging, not just discarding—is nearly impossible. Access is restricted. The method of exchange is to translate the waste into monetary value, only being transported in the [bulk](https://my.stichting-open.org/productlist-external). It is not allowed to *take* form recycling centers: Solo salvaging is not invited in this transaction.
 
-Artist & reverse engineer Maurits Fennis calls for a change of question where, instead of introducing more products to solve the e-waste problem, we must reimagine what e-waste actually is. [@fennisOntologyElectronicWaste2022]
+Artist & reverse engineer Maurits Fennis calls for a change of question where, instead of inventing more products to “solve” the e-waste crisis, we rethink what e-waste is in the first place? [@fennisOntologyElectronicWaste2022]
 
 Alternatively, the devices can be returned to the manufacturer, trough recycling programs. However, it’s unclear what exactly happens with the recycled material, and is always part of a buying process [^samsung]. This relieves the consumer of the responsibility of disposing their product, but keeps the cycle of buying new intact.
 
 [^samsung]: For instance, [Samsungs recycle program](https://www.samsung.com/nl/inruil/) starts with *“Step 1. Buy your new device with trade-in discount on samsung.com”‌*.
 
-My attempts to establish a relationship with the secondhand shop[^broken] have not been successful, but maybe you’re able to propose a better deal. Out of pity I was allowed to snoop in their garbage bin (which was locked away and filled with goodies). Their waste was already part of a monetized system, and my presence didn’t fit.
-
-HMR and other electronics salvagers boast about their environmentally friendly practices, but what remains unspoken and invisible is the way toxic e-waste flows from Western postindustrial to Asian developing countries.2
-uit [@parksFallingApartElectronics2007]
-
-[^broken]: I figured they’d have a lot of devices being donated that are broken, and I’d love to take those.
+My attempts to establish a relationship with the secondhand shop failed. Out of pity I was allowed to snoop in their garbage bin (which was locked away and filled with goodies). Their waste was already part of a monetized system, and my presence didn’t fit.
 
 ## Pick your battles
 When inspecting a device for salvage possibilities, I try to imagine what the inside of the device looks like. What kind of components might I find? Are there any motors or moving parts? What kind of material is the device made of? What time period is it from? Which companies manufactured the device and its parts? Do I see any use for it now?
 
-If I don’t expect much, I’ll leave it for the next person to salvage.
+If I don’t expect much, I’ll leave it for the next person to salvage.

src/content/chapters/4-reflection.md

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ never have to repair”↩
 2017)↩
 would such a practice entai
 
+het feit dat waste steeds meer verwijderd wordt van straat zegt ook iets over de materialituy van waste. we willen er liever niets mee te maken hebben.
 
 <ins>I would like to include more about the Right to Repair, and how the manual could be part of the object itself (page 14 of [@matternStepStepThinking2024] en pagina 2 van [@parksCrackingOpenSet2000])</ins> -->